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What are the 4 purposes of intervention?:

change or eliminate the underlying problem

change the disorder

teach compensatory strategies

modify the communicative context

Based on ZPD, what type of skills would you most likely start with treating when programming for a client?:

Skills that you are seeing 10% to 50% of the time, because it's an area for which they are showing some stimulability, but not too easy and not too hard.

Which level of the goal is usually 'SMART'?:

Intermediate

What are the 3 components to the Continuum of Naturalness?:

Child-centered

Clinician directed

Hybrid

What is the difference between self talk and parallel talk?:

Self - you are talking about what you are doing

Parallel - talking about what the child/client is doing

What is the difference between PMT and EMT?:

PMT: Prelinguistic - for children who are not yet speaking; prompts intentional communication or increases frequency, complexity, maturity

EMT: Enhanced - for children with some verbal imitation skills; at least 10 words or MLU from 1 - 3.5

What are things you can do to modify your 'linguistic signal'?:

slow rate

repetition

varying prosody/word order/stress - therapeutic register

controlling linguistic complexity

controlling pragmatic responses - avoid 'can you'?

List and describe/define the two types of reinforcement used within treatment. Which do you prefer and why?:

Intrinsic: natural social reward

Extrinsic: outside the interaction - not related to the activity

Opinion & reason can vary.

List the types of service delivery models.:

Clinical

Consultant

Language-based classroom

Collaborative

List & define & give one example of the types of prevention models:

Primary - avoid the disorder entirely - routine medical care, getting shots, education

Secondary - identify and intervene early - screenings, early identification

Tertiary - provide rehabilitation - therapy

Thursday Discussion \#1: Write out what you think you would say to Brendan's parents about their Facebook post question.:

I would say that I personally do not recommend it because there are not certified SLPs that made it, and I don't know of any SLPs that use it. Though if they want to buy one that is up to their discretion, but I would not promote it.

Thursday discussion \#2: Which part of the Continuum would you personally prefer as a future clinician? Why?:

Hybrid (both) you can't control the kids, but still have a plan and goal

What are some routines or activities that families can incorporate for learning opportunities within natural contexts?:

Bath time

Bed time

Meal time

Changing/dressing

Brushing teeth

What is the difference between Kangaroo Care and Touch Times?:

Kangaroo Care - skin-to-skin contact; 30 mins/day; promotes bonding

Touch Times - reserved times for service providers to interact with babies in NICU to minimize repetitive pain and interrupting sleep

Name an EBP for feeding that we use in our BU feeding clinic.:

Sequential Oral Sensory (SOS)

List & describe each component to Dr. Paul's TIPS strategy.:

T - turn taking - back and forth interactions like peek-a-boo

Imitate - mirror the child's actions and vocals

Point things out - establish joint attention; bring things into view

Set the Stage - develop anticipatory sets - after repetition - pause and wait for child to respond

List the steps to PMT.:

Arrange environment to show desired items

Follow child's lead - wait for communication attempt/request

Reward immediately by giving desired item or interaction

What is another term for 'communication temptations' and what is it used for?:

Sabotage - used for increasing frequency of communication

At what developmental stage do we typically introduce play?:

Emerging

Define and give an example of object substitution during play:

Use one object as if it were a different object

Pretending a spoon is an airplane

Tuesday Discussion - What is the difference between PMT and EMT?:

PMT: Prelinguistic - for children who are not yet speaking; prompts intentional communication or increases frequency, complexity, maturity

EMT: Enhanced - for children with some verbal imitation skills; at least 10 words or MLU from 1 - 3.5

Thursday Discussion - What play skill develops after 18 mos? What play ideas did you generate with your discussion group?:

Pretend play, assigning absent attributes

A teddy bear and playing school with it

What are three EBP for phonology?:

Minimal pairs

Maximal opposition of targets

Cycles

What are two child-centered methods for the developing stage?:

Language facilitation

Facilitated play

What are three hybrid methods for the developing stage?:

Focused stimulation

Script therapy/literature based scripts

Structured play

What are early developing phonological awareness goals?:

Segmenting - words in sentences or syllables in compound words

Rhyming

Blending

Identifying same sounds (beginning/ending)

Tuesday Discussion - List and describe the components to interactive book reading.:

Commenting - comment on something the child is interested in

Ask questions - about something of child's interest

Respond by adding more - use expansions/extensions/recasts

Time - give wait time

What is the purpose of intervention?:

-change or eliminate the underlying problem

-change the disorder

-teach compensatory strategies

-modify the communicative context

What does it mean to change or eliminate the underlying problem?

-No further intervention needed; child is independent with language learning

-Very few instances

What does it mean to change the disorder:

-Improve aspects of language functioning by teaching specific behaviors

-Make child a better communicator

-Does not guarantee that future intervention will not be needed

What does it mean to teach compensatory strategies:

-Improve aspects of language functioning by teaching specific behaviors

-Make child a better communicator

-Does not guarantee that future intervention will not be needed

What does it mean to modify the communicative context:

-Often combined with one of the 3 above

-Example: more accessible AAC options - universal user-friendly device

How do you determine a plan and write appropriate goals for intervention?:

To use evidence based practice

What does EBP mean?:

Conscientious, explicit, and unbiased use of current best research results in making decisions about the care of individual clients (Ochsner, 2003)...by integrating clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research

What is the approach for EBP:

PICO

What is PICO in EBP:

-P: individualize question to particular patient or problem

-I: choose an intervention that has internal evidence and face validity for this patient (P)

-C: identify a comparison treatment, such as your usual approach to compare and contrast with "I"

-O: specify a desired outcome

How do I set goals?

Use data from the assessment to identify goals

Item analysis on standardized test items

Consider errors within language samples

Set priorities among potential goals

Consider zone of proximal development (ZPD)

What is the ZPD (zone of proximal development)?

The distance between current level of functioning and potential level of performance.

What the child is ready to learn with help

Knowledge of normal development is necessary

How do I write goals?

SMART GOALS

What are the three levels of intervention goals?

Basic goals (long term/overall goal)