International relations final exam

Attributes of nationalism

ancient and modern, political power vs philosophical poverty, universal vs particular, imagined and limited, prescriptive and descriptive

Political power vs philosophical poverty

no philosophy of nationalism, but is politically charged

Prescriptive and descriptive

allows people to define and describe you while also dictating how you act

Anderson:

a nation is an imagined political community, and imagined as both limited and sovereign

imagined nationhood

you don't know your whole community but feel affinity for them

Limited nationhood

even messianic leaders can't reach everyone

Does nationalism fit within jihadism or mcworld?

jihadism

Historically modern, subjectively ancient nations

nationalism is both ancient and modern. surfaced during the enlightenment, because it tore down avenues of identity and nationalism provided a new avenue to identifying with something. its ancient because when you identify as a nationality you are signaling that long history to yourself

Ernest Gellner:

what came first the state or the nation? how to nations come to existence?

Dediticci

: being in a state but not a part of it. undocumentated immigrants. Guatanamo bay.

Civic nationalism:

defined as civic institutions and civic involvement. ex US, Australia, canada

Ernest Renan

republican racism

Cultural Nationalism

nation defined by shared culture, language, music, culture. Demos: social unity. Ex spain france

Ethnic nationalism

nation defined by ethnicity, shared heritage, common language, common faith, common ancestry. Ethnos ex Germany, Italy

type of nationalism

ethnic, cultural, civic

What is the UN definition for terrorism?

There isn't one because one nations terrorist is another nations freedom fighter

General definition of terrorism:

Humans have to die, humans who aren't in a military and who are killed by not a govt

Mytho terrorism:

terrorist acts based on a belief in a higher ideal

Anarchoterrorist

terrorist acts explicitly to sow distrust in the system. william godwin

Ecoterrorism

Terrorism undertaken in order to protect the environment. ex Ted KAzinsky.

Socio terrorism

terrorism undertaken to overturn economic class structure.

Ethno terrorism:

terrorism committed based on someone's ethnicity ex: the KKK, anything done not by the govt against ethnic groups

Narco terrorism:

drug terrorism. journalists decapitated for revealing drug trade

State terrorism:

needs to be non state actors. eh. state sponsored terrorism, ie funding terrorist groups against civilians

Anti terrorism:

terrorist committing acts of violence against other terrorist groups

Pure terrorism:

global in context. has impact to affect ppl globally, using media networks to spread a message associated with a terrorist act. ie livestreaming a terrrorist act against a specific institution takes it global. Interaction between media and terrorism.

Attrition:

Terrorist does something to punish an enemy for an act, warning them. Successful against democracies specifically bc of public outcry

Intimidation:

terrorists convincing ppl they are stronger than govt and can hurt ppl.

Provocation:

terrorists convincing an enemy to respond to violence w more violence. taunting a govt to get a response.

Spoiling

terrorists attempt to persuade the enemy that moderates are weak, need extremists, undermining concepts of peace

Outbidding

terrorists convincing the public that the terrorists are better at fighting the enemy than rival groups and deserve support.

general goals of terrorism

regime change, policy change, social control, territorial change, status quo maintenance

failed states definition

one that is unable to maintain order or conditions of social welfare and economic subsistence

Types of states

strong state, weak state, failed state collapsed state

collapsed state def

complete power vaccum, don't know who is leading country

historical causes of failed state status

former colonization, attempts to reach western modernization, corruption

Response to failing states: Status quo approach

Send aid, UN influence, peace keeping. success in seirra leone, failures in sudan

Response to failing state: shared sovereignty/neo trusteeship

introduce new administrator of the state, runs the state. like a conservatorship

Response to failing state: territorial restructuring

New state dividing conflict zone ex somali land and somalia

Response to failing state: stateless zones

intl community abandons state, theoretical

Why is Intl poli economy important

political systems shape economics. political concerns shape economic policy. international economic relations are by their nature politics.

three ideologies of IPE

liberalism, economic nationalism, marxism

Liberalism:

laissez faire free market. individual is rational. market must be open and free. economics is empirical politics is not

economic nationalism:

mercantilism, state building comes first then economic acitivities. world economy is competition between states. wealth and power are essential, sacrifices can be made for them

Critiques of economic nationalism

all strides for economic progress come with downsides. no satisfactory approach to foreign policy. industry over agriculture, not modern.

marxism

economics drives policies. law of disproportionality, law of concentration, law of falling rate of profit

law of disproportionality

no liberal equilibrium at the expense of the working class

law of concentration

the more wealth that is built the smaller the the bourgeoisies class becomes

law of falling rate of profit

efficiency efforts will increase unemployment, investment will decreae and rate of profit will decrease

strengths of marxism to ipe

politics and economics should not be separated. division of labor has political attributes

weakenesses of marxism to ipe

no incentive structure. flow of captl dependent on govt decisions. can economy count for all of foreign policy?

Hegemonic stability theory

hegemon is necessary to world order. liberalism. stabilizer. first amonog equals. protects collective goods.

hegemon

Hegemon is the dominant power in the system that achieves its goals through coercion, consent of other actors

relative power vs structural power

hegemons dont want relative power they want structural power. susan strange

structural power

means you can control other states, control system, control knowledge, control economy

Bretton woods conference

economic equivalent of UN. fix exchange rates, tried to prevent next world war.

Organizations to result from the Bretton woods conference

World bank and international monetary fund

World Bank

Gives money to countries. govt that gives the most money gets the most say in decisions. This is always the US. goal to combat debt, help development projects, fight disease.

International Monetary fund

Loans money to countries. much larger budget than world bank. regulates exchange rates. Conditional loans, ppl view it as imperialistic. US in charge of this one too.

Org for Economic cooperation and development

Economic NATO. standardizes taxes for big corps, going after countries that act as tax havens

World Trade organization

negotiates international trade agreements.

Most favored nation statues:

whatever country you trade with the most, the good tariffs you grant them must be used for every country you trade with

Generalized system of preferences

can be ignored for poor countries, some countries excluded like communists and terrorist havens. imperialist bc its not going far enough

negotiating rounds of wto

Uruguay round, battle for seattle, Doha round still going arguing over agriculture

Bilateral agreements

clearing trade or side deal where states agree to keep trade deficits to a minimum. England after leaving euro union

Free trade area

group of countries have agreed to maintain no barriers to trade like tariffs or quotas between each other. ex Euro union Nafta

European union

supernational organization, free trade area

NAFTA

now US Mexico Canada agreement. meant to reduce immigration and has resulted in much growth in trade

Cartels

group of producers and consumers of particular product that is formed to manipulate its price in the world market. OPEC. members don't have to follow rules but the group hegemon can punish cheater.

Transnational criminal organizations

not terrorism bc its seeks wealth not polical goals, not studied well, extremely profitable. dark side of globalization

how is the proliferation of intl crime orgs the result of globalizatin?

since the end of the cold war, there has been a lowering of customs and border control, expansion of free trade leading to less inspections at borders, its easier to break into new markets and the tech and e finance developments ave led to more anonymyty and security online

transnational crime orgs and westphalia system

they both undermine and are dependent on the system. types of westphalian states through the lens of crime orgs: home, host/market, transshipment, service state

Home state

where transnational crime org originates. political criminal nexus

host market state

receiving end of illegal products of the crime org

transshipment state

where products are exchanged by the crime orgs ex; south africa

service state;

provides a sector of activity for the transnational crime org, ie tax havens

objectives of transnational crime orgs

neutralize border controls, remove punitive power of state, access to financial institutions

primary areas of international crime orgs activity

narcotrafficking, cybercrime, human trafficking mostly women 12 mill a year 900000 into the sex trade

Is law prescriptive or predictive?

prescriptive, it tells you how things should be

What does pufendorf have to do with international law?

He was the first to apply natural law to international law

Types of prescriptive international law

folkway, mores, ethical imperative, interntational law

folway laws

surface level laws

international law definition

a body of rules that binds states and other agents in world politics, considered to have the status of law.

how are international laws created

international treaties and customs. General principle laws that are adopted in different regions.

International representative assemblies

like international congress, not happened yet

Why is international law primitive

it is not something the international community has spent much time on

levels of variation in Intl law

obligation, precisions, delegation

obligation in itnernational law

the degree to which states are legally bound by international rule

precisions in international law

the degree to which intl legal obligcation are fully specified

delegation in international law

the degree to which third parties are given authority to resolve disputes

diplomacy rank order

ambassador, minister, minister resident, charge d'affaires, honors

diplomatic immunity

the ambassador has immunity from all foreign laws

the diplomatic bag

the bag of the ambassador cannot be searched ever, it has diplomatic immunity

intercourse among nations

foreigners stop at border, submit to inspection

regimes of nations

regimes of air, sea, outer space

wars that furthered international law

Hague, Geneva (POWs), Geneva (non declared wars), Geneva gas protocols

successes in Enforcing international law

states act in rational self interest, reciprocity, sanctions, retaliation, predictability, legitmacy

Reciprocity in interntional law

if I follow this intl law thats good bc in the future others will follow it for me

sanctions in international law

requiring hegemonic stability, states keep each other in line

challenges to international law

no world govt to enforce them, treaties only work within the status quo, cultural bias with the idea of natural law, non western concepts not accounted for in intl law.