APUSH Chapter 8 Nationalism and Economic Development

James Monroe and Rufus King

Candidates for presidency in 1816

James Monroe

Easily beats out Rufus king for president in 1816

Era of Good Feelings

A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts.

North south and west

Where did nationalism with one political party dominate

1816

When was the Federalist party officially no longer a national party

Virginia Dynasty

"dynasty" comprised of the four of the first five presidents (Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe), all of whom Virginian plantation owners

Growing sense of Americans a separate from Europeans, beginnings of American culture versus borrowing European culture ,American Art , American literature, observation of American equality and equal distribution of wealth in comparison to France and observe the lack of hereditary tiles and nobility as a causeof American according

What are some examples of American cultural nationalism

Government economy and territorial expansion

In what way did Monroe and the Republicans promote nationalism and American unity

National Government

The power of what grew under Monroe?

John Marshall

federalist in a democratic republican world who used the Supreme Court to strengthen the power of the national government

Fletcher versus peck

Steve of Georgia declared unconstitutional because it could not validate a contract first time federal law declare state law unconstitutional

Martin versus hunters lease

Federal court has jurisdiction over state courts involving constitutional rights

Dartmouth College versus Woodward

Private corporations cannot be altered by the state settled the nature of public versus private charters in resulted in the rise of American business corporation

Dartmouth College versus Woodward

What court case resulted in the rise of the American business corporation

McCulloch versus Maryland

Which court case decided that the national bank there's an implied power and that the state cannot tax a federal institution

Cohens versus Virginia

Supreme Court can review all state Supreme Court decisions

Gibbons versus Ogden

What court case decided that interstate commerce could be controlled by the federal government in defined the scope of power given to Congress pursuant to the commerce clause

Industry and transportation to lengthen north south and west

What did the economy in 1816 encourage

American System

Originally called the American way this mercantilist economic plan was based on the ideas of Alexander Hamilton and intended to allow the US to grow and prosper by providing a defense against the dumping of cheap foreign products mainly from Britain it was proposed by Congressman Henry Clay in 1816 to unify the economies of the north south and west

Second bank of the US

The economy in 1860 era created/preserved this, it was charter for 20 years but It did very little

Money for industry to grow to buy more and provide a national currency

Goals of second bank of US

No

Did the second bank the US get a new charter

To encourage industry protect nation & merchants, promote welfare and limit British manufactured goods

Why was a high tariffs created in 1816 era

Helped industry in the east and provided money for internal improvements

What else did the tariff created in the era of good feelings do

Roads and canals

What part of transportation was improved during the era of good feelings

National market economy

What did the American system allowed the US to create for the first time

Western farmers grew greens and raise livestock stop by the nation, northern factories made manufactured goods that were so throughout the country, southern cotton was used in northern textile factories

What were some results of the national market economy

Five

Turn the air up good feelings America expanded its borders and increased its role in world affairs Congress also quickly admitted how many new states the union

Economic and territorial growth

What created need to settle America's national borders

Acquisition of the Native American lands, economic pressure, improved transportation, immigrants, population increase

What were the five reasons for westward movement

Europe overcrowded and they needed space

What was one main reason for immigration

Because of job competition the Irish often except for jobs for very low wages

Why were the Irish treated poorly and disliked

Germans

Which groups of immigrants were facing political hardships at home and had some money they often stay together and impacted American culture

Nativism

the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.

They took jobs away especially from blacks and brought Catholicism

why did Americans fear the immigrants

Know-Nothing Party

Restrict immigration naturalization and holding of public offices this group was anti-immigration Anti-anti-catholic

Within the US economy

Where did the panic of 1819 largely originate

Second bank of US

Who is at fault for the major financial problems during the panic of the 1819

Tightened credit to control inflation

What did the second bank of the US do that hurt the US ifinances

Called in loans of people did not have money to pay off US Bank

Why did many state take out loans during the panic of 1819

West

Who is hurt the most during the panic of 1819

Money defeated and loss of jobs

What were two major problems in the financial side of panic of 1819

Foreign Policy

What did Monroe and John Quincy Adams used to promote nationalism and territorial expansion

49°

Where did the US and Britain agree to establish the Canadian border at in 1818

Florida

What did the US gain and 1819 from Spain with the Adams Onis treaty

Rush-Bagot Treaty

This training provided for the demilitarization of the great lakes in Lake Champlain also provided an important order for the US and Canada which was the longest unfortified in the world it improved relations with US in breathe written in the period following the war of 1812

US and Canada

What is the longest unfortified border in the world

Convention (Treaty) of 1818

Made the official boundary between the US and Canada the 49th parallel was a 10 year agreement to settle Oregon country and they shared fishing rights of the coast of Newfoundland

Stop the Seminole raids on the US territory and invaded East Florida and took over to Spanish forts

What did Andrew Jackson do for the relation to Spain

Thought it meant we don't want to fight over Florida because they had enough troubles in Mexico and South America

Why did John Quincy Adams disagree with the secretary of war Calhouns idea to court martial with Spain

Adams-Onis Treaty

Spaniard east water to the US and gave claim up to west Florida, US gave up claims to Texas, Spain gives up claims to Oregon, US to pay $5 million to Spain, 42nd parallel to the west (Oregon territory)

When Missouri applied to become a US state

When did sectionalism emerge

south

Which group of states wanted Missouri to be admitted as a slave state

Maine

What state was added to the United States as a free state to balance out Missouri being a slave state

No

Was the Tallmadge amendment passed by Congress

Tallmadge Amendment

This was an attempt to have no more slaves to be brought to Missouri and provided the gradual emancipation of the children of slaves. In the mind of the South, this was a threat to the sectional balance between North and South.

Missouri Compromise

1820, Henry Clay worked out this compromise that admitted main as a free state and Missouri as a slave state and banned slavery above the 36 30 parallel

True

True or false industrialization was slow to come to America

Nobody wanted to work in factories when the there was land to work, not a lot of capital investments, raw materials were undiscovered under developed and under suspected , no market to sell things, consumers were scarce, British factories were superior

Reasons why industrialization was slow to come to America

War of 1812, British embargo, New England maritime Industry was shrinking, immigration

What four things helped industrialization

Samuel Slater

Industrial pioneer who stole the idea of spinning cotton and created the factory system with the use of child labor

Eli Whitney

Industrial pioneer who created the cotton gin and interchangeable parts for rifles

Slavery increased in the south

What was one result of the creation of the Cottongin which was 50 times faster

Factories flourish in North

What was one result of The invention of interchangeable parts for rifles

Elias Howe

Industrial pioneer who created the sewing machine a.k.a. ready to wear garments

Isaac Singer

Industrial pioneer who perfected the idea of the sewing machine

Samuel Morse

Industrial pioneer who created the telegraph

John Deere

Industrial pioneer who created the steel plow

Cyrus McCormick

Does your pioneer who created the mower reaper

factories flourishing, dense populations for labor, successful markets, shipping, L, power,

How did industrialization benefit the north

Slave power, land, production

How did industrialization help the south

Half

How much of the workforce was made up of children

Turn over today, higher wages, tolerable working condition, public education, and death imprisonment

What were some of the worker reforms

Unions

An association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages. He started to develop but seldom were successful

Usually limited to domestic work or teaching, Lowells Mills, child centered families

Explain women in the Workforce

Economic inequality developed the rich get richer and the poor stuck

Industrialization in the new workforce created what inequality

National Road

The first highway built by the federal government. Constructed during 1825-1850, it stretched from Pennsylvania to Illinois. It was a major overland shipping route and an important connection between the North and the West.

Turnpike

an expressway on which tolls are collected

Assisted in Migration West

What was one major benefit of the national Road

Increases trade because it is not depending on whether or currents and enables faster and more reliable transportation

What were some benefits of Robert Fulton's Clermont and demologos

Cities develop along the route connects the Great Lakes

What were some benefits of the canals

Clinton's big ditch

Created by governor Clinton do it this helps shipping prices to drop, but farmers would not be able to compete in the industry takes over, cities develop the longest route that connects the Great Lakes

Industrial Revolution

What transformed the American economy

family system that employed parents and children who lived in the company owned Village

What system did several mills use for employment

Lowell System

Dormitories for young women where they were cared for, fed, and sheltered in return for cheap labor, mill towns, homes for workers to live in around the mills

north

In this area where were most railroads found

Fast reliable cheap year round , uphill

Benefits of the railroads

Ironhorse

Nickname for the railroads

Fire, accidents, canal interest and different size gauges

What was the opposition to railroads

Pullman Cars

famous railroad sleeping cars

Pony Express

A Mail carrying service; ran from 1860-1861; was established to carry mail speedily along the 2000 miles from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California; they could make the trek in 10 days.

Monroe Doctrine

Written by John Q Adams, we promise to stay out of European affairs in this doctrine

Revolutions in the Americas

What causes Spain to ask France Austria Russia and Prussia for help

Fear that Europe we try to recolonize territory in the western hemisphere

Why did Monroe not like the idea of the four nations being in America

Non-colonization, not intervention, beginning of US foreign-policy

What did the Monroe doctrine state

non-colonization

President James Monroe's policy of warning European powers against future colonization in the Western Hemisphere

Non-intervention

the principle that external powers should not intervene in the domestic affairs of sovereign states

Established in the Missouri compromise as the northern limit for slavery to be legal in the territories of the west

Significance of 3630 parallel

The Oregon Treaty of 1846 established an U.S./Canadian (British) border along this parallel. The boundary along the 49th parallel extended from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.

49th parallel significance

Transit all Florida to United States and gave up its claim to territory north of the 42nd parallel to this the west (Oregon Territory) in the Addams Onis treaty

Significance of 42nd parallel