Anatomy Chapter 1

append-

to hang something

cardi-

heart

cerebr-

brain

cran-

helmet

dors-

back

homeo-

same

-logy

the study of

meta-

change

nas-

nose

orb-

circle

pariet-

wall

pelv-

basin

pleur-

rib

-stasis

standing still

super-

above

-tomy

cutting

peri-

around

anatomy

the study of the structure (morphology, form) of body parts

physiology

the study of the function of body parts

atom

the smallest particle of an element, and they are composed of subatomic particles

molecule

a particle composed of 2 or more joined atoms

macromolecule

a large molecule

organelle

a small organ of a cell, composed of two or more macromolecules, which performs a particular function

cell

the basic unit of structure and function of living organisms

tissue

a group of similar cells that performs a specialized function

organ

a structure consisting of a group of tissues that performs a specialized function.

organ system

a group of organs that act together to carry on a specialized function

human organism

the most complex level of organization and is defined as an individual living thing

serous membrane

a soft, thin, pliable layer of tissue that either covers a vital (visceral) organ or lines a body cavity.

visceral membrane

covers a vital organ

parietal membrane

lines a body cavity

visceral pleura

membrane that covers the lung

parietal pleura

membrane that lines the thoracic cavity

pleural cavity

the space between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura, filled with serous fluid

visceral pericardium

the membrane that covers the heart

parietal pericardium

the membrane that lines the pericardial cavity

pericardial cavity

the space between the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium, filled with serous fluid

visceral peritoneum

the membrane that covers the liver, stomach, etc.

parietal peritoneum

the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

peritoneal cavity

the space between the visceral peritoneum and parietal peritoneum, filled with serous fluid

anatomical position

standing erect, face forward, upper limbs at sides, and palms forward

superior

above

inferior

below

anterior

front

posterior

back

ventral

front

dorsal

back

medial

center

lateral

side

ipsilateral

same side

contralateral

opposite side

proximal

closer to trunk

distal

farther from trunk

superficial/peripheral

surface

deep

internal

sagittal cut

divides body/organ into right and left portions

transverse cut

divides body/organ into superior and inferior portions

coronal cut

divides body/organ into anterior and posterior portions

cephalic

head

frontal

forehead

orbital

eye

otic

ear

nasal

nose

oral

mouth

buccal

cheek

mental

chin

cervical

neck

acromial

shoulder

axillary

armpit

brachial

upper arm

antecubital

anterior elbow

antebrachial

forearm

carpal

wrist

metacarpal

hand

palmar

palm

digital

finger

mammary

breast

sternal

breast bone

pectoral

chest

umbilical

navel

abdominal

abdomen

inguinal

groin

coxal

hip

genital

reproductive organs

femoral

thigh

patellar

knee cap

sural

calf

tarsal

ankle, instep

pedal

foot

occipital

base of skull

acromial

shoulder

vertebral

spinal column

cubital

elbow

lumbar

loin

sacral

between hips

perineal

between anus & other openings

popliteal

back of knee

plantar

sole

calcaneal

heel

integumentary system

organs: skin, hair nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

functions: protection, regulation of body temperature, synthesis of Vitamin D, etc.