EARTH SCIENCE Q2 UNIT 1

to study for first summative

Biology

study of life

Bio

Life

Logos

Study

Microbiology

study of microscopic organisms

Zoology

study of animals

Botany

study of plants

Ecology

study of interactions of living organisms with each other and with the nonliving things in their environment.

Ecology

study of heredity

Age of earth

4.54 billion years old ang Earth

Earliest form of earth emerged

3.77 billion years ago earliest forms emerged

After the ocean was formed

4.28 billion years ago after the ocean were formed

BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

ATOMS
MOLECULES
CELLS
TISSUES
ORGANS
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM
POPULATION
COMMUNITY
ECOSYSTEM
BIOME
BIOSPHERE

Life Science

– collection of disciplines that is made up of theories and principles; vital field for understanding life on earth.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE

Respond to environment
Grow and develop
Capable of reproduction
Exhibit metabolism
Homeostasis
Made up of cells

(Respond to environment)

A living thing must know what is going around them, and it should be capable of responding to the changes.

Adaptation

process of adjusting to the change in environment.

Growth

ability to increase size and weight

Development

differentiation of cells
evident in the formation of organs like the development of the mammary glands during puberty in humans.

(Capable of Reproduction)

All living things are capable of reproduction.

Bacteria

binary fission

Human

birth

Animals

external fertilization

Plants

formation of seeds

Prokaryotic

– single organism

Eukaryotic

– multicellular organism ; plants and animals

Metabolism

the total chemical reactions in an organism that allow ito to function properly
involve chemical processes

Example:

breating, excretion, perspiration

(Maintain Homeostasis)

Homeostasis

equilibrium state
balance or equal

Thermoregulation

animals

Water conservation

plants

Cell

smallest unit that is capable to sustain life

THEORIES ON ORIGIN OF LIFE

Spontaneous Generation Theory
Primordial Soup Theory
Panspermia

SPONTANEOUS GENERATION THEORY

by: ANAXIMANDER

SPONTANEOUS GENERATION THEORY DESCRIPTION

life came from lifeless or nonliving material through a mysterious process

SGT

nag popularized ng theory na ito ay ang abiogenesis.

Abiogenesis

life emerges from nonliving materials or inanimate

Adapted by Aristotle

He assumed that clutter gave rise to vermin through spontaneous generation, a process that transmuted lifeless objects to living organisms by supernatural

Based on Aristotle’s writing The History of Animals: (350 BCE)

Some organisms appear from inanimate objects spontaneously.

Francesco Redi

Disprove Abiogenesis

Francisco Redi

challenged the idea by using the concept that maggots came from rotting meat

Francisco Redi

insisted that maggots will not be formed (or appear) in totally and partially sealed containers.

Proved Abiogenesis:

John Needham

John Needham

conducted experiment on boiled broth to support SGT.

John Needham

believed that boiling kills microorganisms

Disproved John Needham’s experiment

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Spallanzi

made some modifications of Needham’s study

Totally disproved SGT:

Louis Pasteur

John Pasteur

boiled a meat broth in a goose-like flask having long curved neck

PROVED:

ANAXIMANDER
ARISTOTLE
JOHN NEEDHAM

DISPROVED:

FRANCESCO REDI
LAZZARO SPALLANZANI
LOUIS PASTEUR

by: Fred Hoyle

Panspermia

Panspermia

also called exogenesis

Panspermia

life was from a celestial source

Panspermia

comets colliding on earth and aliens making life essential materials

by: Alexander Oparin and John Haldane

PRIMORDIAL SOUP THEORY

PST

most predominant theory

PST

believed that life came from chemicals found in early earth

ALEXANDER OPARIN AND JOHN ALDANE

they failed to conduct experiment

Major components of the Primitive Atmosphere:

METHANE
AMMONIA
SULFUR
HYDROGEN
WAER VAPOR
CARBON DIOXIDE
INERT NITROGEN

Organism

individual living creature

Earth was formed ____

4.6 billion years ago.

by: Stanley Miller and Harold Urey

ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE EXPERIMENT

Stanley Miller and Harol Urey

recreated the primitive Earth

ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE EXPERIMENT

prove the formation of amino acids and carbohydrates

ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE EXPERIMENT

explore the conditions of early earth and what naturally occuring results would be

Electrical sparks

represent lightning

Heat

-

represents the primitive sun

Ocean contains :

Water

Methane

Ammonia

Hydrogen

Electrodes / Lightning

-

trigger

THERMAL SYNTHESIS EXPERIMENT

by:

Sidney Walter Fox

-

demonstrated the orgin of life by using a specific mixture of pure, dry amino acids

Microscopic globules also known as proteinoid microspheres

-

looked like cocoid bacteria

Budding

-

form of reproduction in some microorganisms

Protocells

-

spherical materials that looked like cells

-

link between the primordial environment and the true living cells

Organic Molecules

-

composed of amino acid

PROOCELL EXPERIMENT

by:

Jack Szostak

-

thought that the simplest possible living cells or protocells just required two components to be formed:

1.

Nucleic Acid Genome

2.

Lipid Sac

The UNIFYING THEMES OF LIFE gives us an idea on how each of these themes contribute to teh connection and interaction of living organisms and their environment.

•

Biological systems

•

Levels of organization

•

Forms and functions

•

repproduction and inheritance

•

Energy and life

•

Thermal regulation