Domain 4 Unit 9

prenatal stages

development of babies in womb

germinal

first stage, zygote, ovulation

zygote

lasts for about two weeks, fertilized egg

ovulation

moment in which the egg is released from the ovaries to the fallopian tube

embryonic

second stage, embryo, teratogens

embryo

about two months

teratogen

something that goes into the body that damages the embryo and can start to affect it

fetal

stage three, fetus, sex, central nervous system

fetus

7 months

sex

find out if boy or girl

infant reflexes

only newborn babies have these

rooting

automatic turning of the head to a touch on the cheek

sucking

automatic suction of the mouth for food

swallowing

ingestion, consumption

grasping

grab, hold, cling, automatically grabs what touches their hands

moro

startle reflex, simulate a fall, hands should extend automatically

tonic neck

fencing reflex, lift one arm, head will turn to the side and other arm will move out

planter

press foot and toes will curl around your finger

babinski

scrape along bottom of foot, back and forth, the toes will fan open

positive support

muscles tension in legs to hold own weight, if feet touch a surface

stepping

if they have the sensation of leaning forward, they will put their foot forward

infant motor skills

should happen within first 12 months

lift head

2 months

roll over

3 months, belly to back, “tummy time”

sit up

6 months

stand

9 months

crawl

10 months

walk

12 months

sensation

babies have all senses, but these do not work to full capability

vision

color and clarity

color

3-5 years

clarity

6-12 months, 8-15 inches for breastfeeding

pubescence

not puberty, multi year development, sexual physical development of adolescence, girls can begin before ten and boys ten-eleven, can take years

primary

puberty, development of sex organs and being able to produce a child, eggs and sperm

menarche

females ability to produce an egg, first menstrual cycle

spermarche

first ejaculation of sperm, just happens

asynchrony

early/late bloomer, secondary sexual characteristics, body hair, height, broad shoulders, etc. early male, early female (most stress), late male, late female

early adulthood

age 20-40

middle adulthood

age 40-60

late adulthood

age 60+

peak motor skills

top physical health, genetically late 20s, early 30s if exercise and eat correctly

decline motor skills

chronic illness and injuries

decline sensation

1st=vision, 2nd=audition, 3rd=gestation, 4th=olfaction, 5th=somatosense

menopause

around age 50 , end of the menstrual cycle, opposite of menarche, end of the ability to have children, less enjoyable to have sex

andropause

drop in testosterone, tired more often, nothing to do with sperm

impotence

erectile disfunction, nothing to do with sperm

male infertility

“sperm doesn’t swim”, inability to produce a child

cognitive development theory

Jean Piaget, 1936

schema

cognitive category of like information, children do not have schema when born, need life experience

assimilation

children more often than adults, when a new piece of information is successfully placed in a schema

accommodation

a process used when assimilation does not work, can create a new schema to make a piece of information fit, can be the modification of existing schema to make information fit

stages

mental cognitive development

sensorimotor

infant physically interacting with their environment

object permanence

realization that objects are permanent and do not just disappear or appear, end of sensorimotor stage

preoperational

symbolic representation, starts forming memory

egocentrism

not able to see others perspective

theory of mind

able to take another persons perspective

concrete operational

basic problem solving

conservation

even when size, shape, volume, etc. changes the amount stays the same

formal operational

hypothetical thinking, 11+ years

seriation

series of objects of different sizes that are sorted by size, test

rationalization

brains ability to cognitively justify unacceptable behavior, excuses, make sense to the person saying it

idealism

cognitive ability to conceptualize perfection

messiah complex

expectation of perfection in others but inability to find flaws within yourself

argumentativesness

involves logical/factual information, taking a position on a topic ex)politics, drugs, global warming

indecision

lack of decision making ability, difficulty deciding, being tasked with big choices now

self consciousness

imaginary audience, believing that other people are judging you (everyone)

invulnerability

frontal lobe critical thinking, personal fable, false belief that we are invincible, bad things will not happen to me

fluid intelligence

brains ability to acquire and use new information

crystallized intelligence

brains ability to access and use old information

dementia

disease in the brain that decreases function

alzheimers disease

memory is affected

moral development theory

lawerence kohlbery, 1958, determining right from wrong, ethics

preconventional

immature decision making

stage 1

avoiding pain, what are the chances I will get hurt from this?

stage 2

seek pleasure

conventional

mature decision making, average, most people stay in this

stage 4

law and order, how other people are going to respond to you, rules

postconventional

advanced decision making, very rare

stage 5

social contract, questioning rules, fair play, break rule publicly, situational

stage 6

universal ethics, same as 5 but breaking rules with no exceptions

temperament theory

all born with a baseline personality, New York longitudinal study, 100+ infants (1956-1977), Alexander Thomas, Stella Chase

easy

40%, happy

difficult

15%, screaming

slow to warm up

15%, easily irritable but quick to calm down

uncategorized

30%, would show all three

psychosocial development theory

Erik Erikson, 1950-63, develop personality through eight stages of life

trust v mistrust

faith n other people, dependency on the people who should be there for you, neglected when little, being ignored, developmental goal

autonomy v doubt

independence, child being able to do basic tasks alone, reward for trying, lack of confidence

initiative v guilt

decision making (independent), more than on option, feelings of regret, give them all choices that are legitimate, put limits

industry v inferiority

talent, specialized skill or talent, feeling of not being good enough, parent needs to gently steer your child from things they may be terrible at, failure

identity v role confusion

belief system, don’t know what you believe, many people try to shape you

intimacy v isolation

committed relationship with another individual, alone

generativity v stagnation

less concerned with our needs, but more concerned with others, only caring about your own needs

integrity v despair

sadness, depression, pride, good decisions

attachment theory

strongest bond with a child

contact comfort

more important than food, physical love

types

weak bond, strong bond, balanced bond

secure

60%, healthy balance between independence and dependence

insecure

unhealthy imbalance in which you have too much of one, resistant and avoidant