Bio 1 Final Exam (2)

whether hand washing with soap kills bacteria

science would be most useful for deciding

conditionally accepted

hypotheses that are consistent with the results of experimental testing are

locomotion

which of the following is not a characteristic of all living organisms

only living organisms are characterized by the processes of metabolism, reproduction, and evolution

what distinguishes living organisms from nonliving matter

they can be proven to be true

which of the following is not a feature of scientific hypotheses

natural selection

based on the large numbers of offspring produced by many organisms, Darwin proposed that mortality was high and only a few individuals survived to reproduce. H called the differential reproductive success of individuals with particular variations

fact

evolution is a

genetic variation is possible in nature

a critical requirement of Darwin's theory is

the populations of bacteria did not evolve by chance but rather those cells that were able to survive and reproduce better due to chance mutations, were able to increase in number

which of the following is not a misconception that applies to evolution in general and dr lens's experiments in particular

humans are in the order of omnivores

which of the following are incorrect

slight variations among individuals significantly affect the chance that a given individual will survive in its environment and be able to reproduce

a key point in darwin's explanation of evolution is that

evolution

darwin proposed that the process of natural selection was the mechanism for

conditionally accepted

hypotheses which are consistent with the results of experimental testing are

Homo sapiens (italic)

correct genus species name of humans

the change in the genetic makeup of a population through time

evolution is

it is considered a fact since it has been observed occurring many times

which is not a misconception about evolution

portons and neutrons

the nucleus of an atom is composed of

neutrons plus the number of protons

the atomic mass of an element equals the number of

the number and distribution of electrons

the ability of atoms to combine with other atoms is determined by

chemical behavior

protons are to atomic number as electrons are to

air

where does most of the mass of a piece of wood come from

cations and anions that can form ionic bonds

when one atoms loses an electron to another atom it results in the formation of

they result from the electrostatic interactions between positively and negatively charged ions of different atoms

which of the following is false about the molecular interactions that allow a gecko to run up a smooth vertical surface at speeds exceeding one meter per second

ions have lose or gained electrons whereas isotopes have lost or gained neutrons

the difference between ions and isotopes is that

two

how many electrons are involved in a single covalent bond

a non polar covalent bond

when the atoms involved in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity what type of bond results

only a single covalent bond can form between two atoms

which of the following about covalent bonds is false

hydrogen bonds

which of the following bonds involves partial charges between different molecules caused by unequal sharing of electrons within the molecules

one pair of electrons, a double bond involves two pairs of electrons, and a triple bond involves three pairs of electrons

covalent bonds are bonds between atoms where a single bond involves

unequal sharing of electrons

a polar covalent bond is different from an ionic bond in that a polar covalent bond involves

cl-cl

least polar bond

hydrogen bond formed between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule

water has a high specific heat bc

when hydrogen is part of a polar bond

hydrogen bonds are formed

two atoms share electrons in a covalent bond

the strongest individual chemical bonds in cells occur when

100 times

Cola has a pH of 3 & coffee has a pH of 5. How many times more concentrated is the H+ in cola than in coffee?

polar

the hydrogen bond between two water molecules arises because water is

the breaking and formation of chemical bonds

chemical reactions all involve

insoluble in water

cholesterol is composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms. therefore one would expect cholesterol to be

Baking soda (pH 9.0) has a higher concentration of H+ ions than black coffee (pH 5.0)

which of the following is false

it is an excellent buffer

water is important in living things for all of the following except

300. times

one liter of a solution of ph 3 has how many more hydrogen ions than 1 liter of a solution of ph 6

ice is less dense than water

why does ice float in water

lipids

which of the following macromolecules are characteristically water insoluble

triglyceride

three fatty acids bonded together with a glycerol are found in a

hydrogen bond

which of the following bonds involves partial charges between different molecules caused by unequal sharing of electrons within the molecules

Increased hydrogen bonding between strands of chitin because of the greater number of electronegative atoms such as O and N.

What aspect of chitin is most likely to give it more strength than cellulose, making it more like a protein?

3

how many water molecules are produced during the formation of a triglyceride from fatty acids and glycerol

an oil

a fat is most closely related to

the outer shell of all atoms must contain eight electrons

which statement about electrons is false

glucose

the monomers making up starch and cellulose are

hydrolysis

the disaccharide is broken apart into two sugars using a _____ reactions

they are a protein

which of the following is false about phospholipids

phospholipids

biological membranes contain bilayers of which of the following lips

water molecules are attracted to each other

which of the following is a property of water

chitin

which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi

fatty acids

fats and oils all contain three

the polar heads interact with water; the non polar tails do not

how do phospholipids interact with water molecules

carboxyl group

which of the following is not a component of a nucleotide

fats

Sudan IV, a dye that binds to nonpolar molecules, is used to detect the presence of macromolecules in food. Sudan IV would test positive in the presence of what macromolecule?

C60H102O51

The formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What is the formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration synthesis?

35%

The cytosine content of DNA from a mouse cell was estimated to be 30 percent of the total pyrimidine content. The percentage of total nucleotides in the DNA represented by adenine is

a base, a sugar, and a phosphate group

nucleotides are composed of

pattern of bases contained within a nucleotide strand

the information in dna and ran is stored in the

nitrogenous base

which of the following components differs between the different nucleotides of dna

hydrogen

what kind of bond forms between adenine and thymine in dna

phosphodiester bond

a ______ is to a nucleotide as a glycosidic linkage is to a sugar

phosphodiester

what bond is used to hold together the backbone of a single dna strand

encode genetic info

proteins possess all of the following functions except

amino acids

proteins are polymers of

h bonds

secondary structure of proteins is directly maintained by

denaturation

the disruption of the 3d structure of.a protein is called

20%

The cytosine content of DNA from a mouse cell was estimated to be 40 percent of the total pyrimidine content. The percentage of total nucleotides in the DNA represented by guanine is

primary structure

the specific amino acid sequence in a protein is its

peptide bonds

tertiary structure of proteins does not directly involve

proteins

You label cells with a radioactive isotope of sulfur (35S). The only molecules that would be radioactively labeled in these cells are

Acyclovir halts viral DNA replication.

Acyclovir is an antiviral chemical that resembles a nucleotide but lacks a 3' OH group and cannot form phosphodiester bonds. Why is acyclovir useful in treating some viral infections?

peptide bonds

proteins are created with

peptide bonds

primary structure of proteins is maintained by

secondary

alpha helix and beta pleated sheets are examples of which level of protein structure

monosaccharides, polypeptide

all of the following are examples of monomer polymer pairings except

nitrogenous base

which of the following components are to nucleic acids what r are to amino acids

vitamin d is fat soluble

Vitamin D can be synthesized by the body from cholesterol. Given this information, which of the following statements about the solubility of vitamin D is probably true?

involves more than one polypeptide chain

which of the following is true of quaternary structure

10

how many molecules of water are used to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long

20

if a specimen contains 30% adenine in its dna how much cytosine will it contain

ribosome

Given what is known about the minimal essential functions of cellular life, if you could create an artificial cell, which of the following structures must you include?

Four carbon covalent bonds.

Multiple functional groups are able to attach to macromolecules. What is the most useful characteristic that enables the attachment of multiple functional groups?

t + g = a+ c

The most accurate nucleotide base composition of the DNA double helix is

-SH

The functional group that forms covalent bonds between R groups within a polypeptide and that stabilizes tertiary structure is

starch?

glycogen is to animal cells as ______ is to plant cells

all cells contain a nucleus

which of the following is not part of the cell theory

decreases

small cells function more effectively bc as cells become larger their surface area to volume ratio

plasma membrane

which of the following is found in all prokaryotes

mitochondria

what structure is not found in all cells

allowing specialization by separating different cellular processes

compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells has the advantage of

ribosomes and cytoplasm

what are two properties that both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share

has ribosomes attached to it

the rough er is the portion of the er that

mitochondria

all of the following are considered to be part of the end-membrane system except

are packaged on or in vesicles

materials that enter the golgi apparatus

mitochondria

even though they were similarly created by endosymbiosis _______ are important in respiration while chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis