Midterm CIS 4375

Many organizations assert that using project management provides advantages, such as ____.

lower costs

. Because a project requires resources, often from various areas, many projects cross ____ or other boundaries to achieve their unique purposes.

departmental

The project ____ usually provides the direction and funding for the project

sponsor

The limitations of scope, time, and cost goals are sometimes referred to as the ____.

triple constraint

___are the people involved in or affected by project activities and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents of the project.

Stakeholders

In the example of the project of building a house, the project sponsors would be the potential ____.

new homeowners

In the example of the project of building a house, the ____ would normally be the general contractor responsible for building the house.

project manager

Project ____ management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully.

scope

Project ____ management ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken.

quality

Project ____ management is concerned with making effective use of the people involved with the project.

human resource

Project ____ management involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information

communications

Project ____ management is an overarching function that affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas.

integration

What works on one project may not work on another, so it is essential for project managers to continue to develop their knowledge and ____ in managing projects.

skills

According to the Standish group, which of the following factors contributes most to the success of information technology projects?

Executive support

According to the Standish Group study describing what factors contribute most to the success of information technology projects, ____ percent of successful projects are led by experienced project managers.

. 97

All project leaders use a shared road map, focusing on key business aspects of their projects while integrating goals across all parts of the organization" describes the ____ best practice for project delivery.

Develop a streamlined project delivery process

____ project management software integrates information from multiple projects to show the status of active, approved, and future projects across an entire organization.

Enterprise

A ____ can have many different job descriptions, which can vary tremendously based on the organization and the project

project manager

In an interview with two chief information officers (CIOs), both men agreed that the most important project management skills seem to depend on ____.

the uniqueness of the project and the people involved

Achieving high performance on projects requires ____, otherwise called human relations skills.

soft skills

A(n) ____ focuses on long-term goals and big-picture objectives, while inspiring people to reach those goals

leader

A(n) ____ often deals with the day-to-day details of meeting specific goals

manager

Some people say that ____ achieve the vision of a project.

managers

Most people agree that the modern concept of project management began with the ____.

Manhattan Project

The Manhattan Project cost almost $2 billion in ____.

1946

In ____, Henry Gantt developed the famous Gantt chart as a tool for scheduling work in factories.

1917

A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a ____ format.

calendar

During the Cold War years of the 1950s and '60s, ____ continued to be key in refining several project management techniques.

the military

The longest path through a network diagram that determines the earliest completion of a project is called the ____ path.

critical

By the ____, the U.S. military and its civilian suppliers developed software to assist in managing large projects.

1970s

. ____ was an early project management software product that helped managers analyze complex schedules for designing aircraft.

Artemis

. A PMO, or Project ____ Office, is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization.

Management

Many organizations are now using enterprise or project ____ management software to help manage projects

portfolio

PMI provides certification as a Project Management ____ (PMP), someone who has documented sufficient project experience and education, agreed to follow the PMI code of professional conduct, and demonstrated knowledge of the field of project management by passing a comprehensive examination.

Professional

Just as passing the CPA exam is a standard for accountants, passing the ____ exam is becoming a standard for project managers.

PMP

The Project Management ____, a Web site for people involved in project management, provides an alphabetical directory of more than 300 project management software solutions.

Center

____ tools are often recommended for small projects and single users.

Low-end

____ tools, sometimes referred to as enterprise project management software, provide robust capabilities to handle very large projects.

High-end

Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within the greater organizational context. _____ describes this holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization.

Systems thinking

_____ refers to a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs

Systems analysis

The symbolic perspective of an organization:

focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.

The _____ perspective of an organization focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management

structural frame

The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people.

human resources

The _____ perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.

political frame

Grey's Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey's have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company's dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients' through the salespeople's clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization.

symbolic

In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs

project

In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.

matrix

Project managers have the most authority in a pure _____ organizational structure

project

Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure _____ organizational structure

functional

Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure

In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.

In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.

Organizational culture

The _____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.

people focus

. _____ refers to the degree to employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession.

Member identity

_____refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other

Unit integration

In organizational culture, people focus refers to

the degree to which management 's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization

In organizational culture, means-end orientation refers to _____.

the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results

. _____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment.

Open-systems focus

In organizational culture, control refers to _____.

the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior

_____ are an example of external stakeholders for an organization.

Competitors

A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project.

deliverable

Which of the following is true of the project life cycle?

in the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.

The first two traditional project phases (concept and development) focus on planning, and are often referred to as _____.

project feasibility

A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the _____ phase of the project life cycle, and an overview of the work involved is created

concept

In the development phase of the project life cycle:

the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS

In the _____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders.

implementation

The _____ model of a systems development life cycle assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined

waterfall life cycle

The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities

incremental build life cycle

In the _____ model, developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously

prototyping life cycle

The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computeraided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation

RAD life cycle

Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle

A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated

Which of the following is a disadvantage of virtual teams as compared to traditional teams

Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information.

Which of the following best describes outsourcing?

An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source

Which of the following is true of virtual teams?

It is important to select team members carefully.

Which of the following is true of the agile approach to software development?

In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration

_____ processes include defining and authorizing a project or project phase

Initiating

_____ processes include devising and maintaining a workable scheme to ensure that the project addresses the organization's needs

Planning

Examples of _____ processes include acquiring and developing the project team, performing quality assurance, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and conducting procurements

executing

A common _____ process is reporting performance, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keep the project on track.

monitoring and controlling

Administrative activities, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project, are often involved in _____ processes.

closing

During _____ processes for a new project, the organization recognizes that a new project exists, and completes a project charter as part of this recognition

initiating

The project integration management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of developing project charters.

initiating

The project scope management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of scope validation and scope control.

monitoring and controlling

The project time management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activity of schedule control

monitoring and controlling

Developing a _____ is a planning process that occurs in the Project Integration Management knowledge area

project management plan

_____ is a planning process that is within the Project Scope Management knowledge area

Creation of a WBS

The project cost management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of estimating costs and budget determination

planning

The project stakeholder management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group by identifying stakeholders.

. initiating

_____ is an iterative software development process that focuses on team productivity and delivers software best practices to all team members.

Rational Unified Process

Which of the following is a pre-initiation task?

Developing a business case for a project

One of the main outputs of the initiation process is _____.

project charter

The project management plan is the output of the planning process of project _____.

integration management

Which of the following is a planning process associated with project scope management?

Collecting requirements

The _____ provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance

work breakdown structure

. _____ are an output of the executing process of project integration management

Deliverables

Enterprise environmental factors are an output of the executing process of _____.

project human resource management

The _____ process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end

closing

Organizational process assets update is the output of the closing process of _____.

project integration management

Which of the following is true about the agile method?

It uses several iterations or deliveries of software instead of waiting until the end of the project to provide a product

Which of the following project parameters would be compatible with the use of the agile approach?

Projects that have more flexible scheduling

Which of the following activities is a part of the planning process of the Scrum

Creating sprint backlog