STS Lesson 12 - Terms and Definitions

Genetic Engineering (Goal)

aims to modify the genes to enhance the capabilities of an organism beyond what is normal

Gene

Basic unit of inheritance, segment of DNA strand that may or may not code for specific proteins

Genetic Engineering (Definition)

artificial manipulation and alteration of a species’ genetic material. (Associated with recombinant DNA technology)

Recombinant DNA Technology

group of techniques used to cut up and join genetic material from different species,’introducing hybrid DNA into an organism to form new combinations of heritable genetic material.

Role of Bacteria

play a crucial role in gen eng as both tools and subjects for manipulation

Bacteria

protein factories to produce large quantities of desired proteins (insulin and enzyme

Bacillus Thuringiensis

naturally occurring soil and food bacteria.

Used for Bt crops, produces insecticidal proteins (genetically modified to express proteins to become insect pest resistant

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

produced by Gen Eng.

Combining/crossbreeding of plants animal, bacteria, and virus to produce another kind of species that do not naturally occur.

Rosita Isa

example of GMO, genetically modified cow to produce human like milk.

GM Chickens

contains extra gene that interrupts transmission of avian flu

GM Salmon

designed by US AquaBounty to reach market size in 18 months

GMO in Agriculture context

greater food security (resistance),

increased crop yields,

reduced need for pesticides (genetically inherited),

reduced costs for food production,

enhanced nutrient composition and food quality

GMO in Medicine context

reduced cost for drug production, med benefits to growing population, gene therapy

Gene Therapy

can potentially treat genetic diseases (cancer and infectious diseases) and vaccines.

First GMOs

Bacterium (73), Mouse (74), Tobacco (83)

Dolly

first cloned animal (1996-Feb 14, 2003), died due to progressive lung disease and severe arthritis

Golden Rice (1990’s)

variety of Oryza Sativa, modified to produce vitamin A to fight deficiency (cause of childhood blindness)

DA-PhilRice in partnership with IRRI

Dep of Agri-Philip Rice Research Insti, International

Approved GMOs in Philippine

Bt Talong, Bt Corn