Cell Structure and Function: Key Organelles and Theories Save
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42 Terms
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Cell
Basic unit of life in all organisms.
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Unicellular
Made of a single cell (e.g. bacteria)
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Multicellular
made up of many cells (e.g. humans, plants)
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Organism
Any living thing
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Cell Theory
Scientific theory stating; 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
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Microscope
Toll used to observe cells.
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Structure
The physical arrangement or shape of something.
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Function
The job or role something performs.
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Tissue
a group of similar cells working together.
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Organ
A structure made of tissues that perform a specific function.
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System
A structure of organs working together.
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Organelle
A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function.
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Nucleus
Controls cell activities and contain DNA.
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Mitochondria
produces energy for the cell.
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Cell Membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell.
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Cell Wall
provides structure and support. (in plant cells only)
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Chloroplast
Converts sunlight into energy. (photosynthesis; in plant cells only)
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Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell that holds organelles.
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Vacuole
Store water, nutrients, and waste.
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Model
A representation used to explain or predict how something works.
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System
A set of connected parts working together.
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Function
The role or job of a part within a system.
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Nucleus
Control center; holds DNA.
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Nuclear Envelope
Double membrane around nucleus; controls what enters and exits.
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Nucleolus
Makes ribosomes.
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Cell Membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell.
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Cytoplasm
Jelly-like fluid where reactions happen.
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Mitochondria
Produces energy ("powerhouse").
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Ribosomes
Make proteins.
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Rough ER
Makes and transports proteins; has ribosomes.
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Smooth ER
Makes lipids; detoxifies chemicals.
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Golgi Apparatus
Packages and ships proteins.
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Lysosomes
Break down waste and old organelles.
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Peroxisomes
Break down toxins and fatty acids.
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Vacuoles
Store water, food, and waste.
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Chloroplasts
Perform photosynthesis to make food.
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Cell Wall
Provides structure and protection.
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Cytoskeleton
Gives the cell shape; helps movement inside the cell.
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Centrioles
Help with cell division.
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Vesicles
Transport materials around the cell.
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Endosomes
Transport and sort endocytosed material.
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Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
Network of proteins and carbohydrates outside the cell; provides support and communication.
Note 
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