ASVAB Auto and Shop

AS

intake cycle

the intake valve opens as the connecting rod pulls the piston down, drawing the gas/air mix into the cylinder

compression cycle

the valves are closed, the connecting rod pushes the piston up, compressing gas/air mix

power cycle

the spark plug ignites the gas/air mix, forcing the piston down. that pushes down on the connecting rod, turning the crankshaft; the crankshaft turns the flywheel, which keeps the engine going

exhaust cycle

the exhaust valve opens as the connecting rod moves the piston back up, pushing out the exploded gases. the valves are timed, of course, using push rods attached to the camshaft

intake valve

allows air-fuel mixture to be drawn into the combustion chamber.

combustion chamber

An enclosed container in which fuel and air are burned for the production of energy

connecting rod

The connecting link between the piston and the crankshaft

piston

movable part in the cylinder forced into motion by explosion of fuel

cylinder

a chamber within which piston moves

spark plug

electrical device that fits into the cylinder head of an internal-combustion engine and ignites the gas by means of an electric spark

crankshaft

Turns the piston's up and down motion into circular motion

flywheel

regulator consisting of a heavy wheel that stores kinetic energy and smooths the operation of a reciprocating engine

camshaft

a rotating shaft within the engine that opens and closes the intake and exhaust valve in the engine

tachometer

An instrument used to measure the speed of a revolving shaft in revolutions per minute.

carburetor

a device that blends air and fuel for most older cars (pre-1990). As air moves quickly through the \_____, it creates a vacuum, which draws more and more fuel into the mixture

fuel injector

an electrically controlled valve that delivers a precise amount of pressurized fuel into each combustion chamber.

throttle

a valve that regulates the supply of fuel to the engine

water jackets

Channels in the engine through which water and coolant circulate to cool the engine.

water pump

the pump in the cooling system of an automobile that cause the water to circulate

radiator

The part of a car engine which removes heat from the cooling water that circulates through the engine

oil pump

An engine-driven pump that delivers oil to the engine's moving parts.

starter

an electric motor for starting an engine

alternator

sends an electric current to the battery to keep the battery charged and also powers the other electronic gadgets on your car when the engine is running

ignition system

supplies a high voltage current to the spark plugs to ignite the fuel mixture in the cylinders

12

most vehicles use a \___ volt battery

distributor

dispenses electric current to the spark plugs of a gasoline engine

breaker points

a rotating shaft and a switch within the distributor routes the current through wires to the spark plugs

condenser

absorbs excess current and protects the breaker points from damage by the high voltage surge

drive system

transfers the power of the engine to the wheels to make them move

axle

the shaft on which the wheels revolve

universal joint

allows the axle to move up and down without breaking the drive shaft

drive shaft

the \_____ is the connecting component that carries torque and transmits rotation

transmission

changes the speed of the engine in relation to the speed of the rear wheels, the front wheels, or all the wheels

torque converter

automatically shifts the amount of torque used according to what is needed

clutch

disconnects the engine from the drive shaft which is necessary in order to change to a different gear and allows the engine to run when the car isn't moving

brake system

consists of a master cylinder that has break lines filled with brake fluid running from it

drum breaks

break lines are connected to a hydraulic cylinder on each wheel

hydraulic cylinder

contains pistons that move outward and force two brake shoes against the \____ that rotates the wheel

disk breaks

the master cylinder forces a caliper, containing a piston, with brake shoes on each side, to squeeze against \_____in each wheel , thus stopping the car by using fluid and releasing hot air

positive crankcase ventilation

forces unburned or partially burned fuel back in the cylinder so the fuel can be burned

air-injection system

forces air into the engine's exhaust system to burn unburned or partially burned fuel before the fuel comes out the exhaust pipe

catalytic converter

oxidizes hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide into water vapor and carbon dioxide; this system doesn't control other types of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides

exhaust-gas-recirculation system

helps control nitrogen-oxide emissions by forcing some of the gases back into the cylinders

sliding calipers

mortising chisel

ratchet

socket wrench

c-clamp

pipe wrench

box-end wrench

socket chisel

butt chisel

sledge

used to drive bolts and chisels and to break rock

wrenches

used to turn nuts and bolts or keep the nuts and bolts stationary

box wrench

closed

socket wrench

vary in sizes and can be attached to a handle, which in turn can be attached to an extension

torque wrench

apply additional leverage to a fastener; looks like a socket wrench but has additional internal mechanisms designed to measure and limit the amount of force being applied

pipe wrench

have serrated jaws and grip round objects

allen wrench

screwdriver that fits hexagonal screw heads

offset screwdriver

has the shank set at an angle to the blade to allow the tool to be used in cramped spaces

curved nose pliers

curved jaws

slip joint pliers

can be adjusted so the handles lock in a certain position

wrench or vise grip pliers

has serrated jaws that clamp onto and hold objects of all shapes

cutting pliers

are used to cut wire

a saw with fewer teeth

is used for rough work, like cutting wood to size

a saw with more teeth

cuts more finely and is sued for more delicate work. like sawing joints and lightweight pieces of wood

bolt cutters

heavy duty shears that produce enough force when the handles are closed to slice through metal bolts or rods

circle snips

used to cut curves

crosscut saw

type of handsaw that cuts against the grain of the wood

coping saw

type of handsaw that's used to cut curved lines or shapes

hacksaw

type of handsaw that's used to cut metal

pipe cutters and tube cutters

used to score and cut metal pipes and tubes

ripsaw

type of handsaw that cuts with the grain of the

snips and shears

has two cutting blades that scissor together when the handles close; the blades can be curved or straight

drill bits

twist drills uses \_____; round pieces of steel shaped in a spiral to create holes

countersink

a drill bit that enlarges just the surface of a hole so that a screw head can be accommodated; is sued to allow the top of the fastener to be sex exactly even with the material to which it's attached otherwise the fastener would slightly protrude from the material

auger bit

a drill bit that bore larger holes and has a long deep spiral flute for easy chip removal; used with a brace for drilling holes into wood

punches

has a sharp end that's placed against the material to be punctured; the other end is truck with a hammer; is used to mark where a drilled hole is to be placed; this keeps the drill bit in position and prevents the drill from jumping to another part of the material

metal cutting chisel

cut metal that is usually struck with a mallet to make the cut

cold chisel

flat metal chisel and are used for cutting metals without using heating torches or forges

round chisel

round metal chisel used to make circular cuts; are used for cutting metals without using heating torches or forges

socket chisel

wood chisel that's struck with a mallet

butt chisel

wood chisel that has a short blade and is used for in-close work

mortising chisel

wood chisel that has a narrow blade made for chiseling out the narrow mortises in joints

framing chisel

wood chisel that has a heavy, strong blade meant for rough work

filing and finishing shop tools

used to sharpen the blades of other tools and to smooth the edges of cut metal objects

single cut file

used for finishing work and sharpening blades

double cut file

are used for rough work

flat files and half round files

used for general purposes

square and round files

fit square and round openings

planes

a type of finishing tool used to prepare wood for final finishing and to fit doors and trim; consist of a handle to push with, a knob to guide with, a frame, a sole, and a mouth (where the blade is)

bench planes

used to smooth surfaces

calipers

a pinching instrument used for determining the thickness of objects or the distance between surfaces

square

has two arms called the blade and the tongue that meet at a right angle

sliding t-bevel

has an adjustable blade so that different angles can be checked

plumb bob

a heavy weight that's suspended from a line that indicates vertical trueness

penny system

nail length is designated by \_______ that indicates the nail's length; the higher the \______, the longer the nail

spikes

nails that are larger than 20-penny and are measured in inches

brads and inishing nails

nails that have heads that are made to fit flush with our slightly below the surgace of the wood

double-headed nails

nails with one lower head than the other and a point on the upper head; the nail is driven to the lower head but can be pulled out of the material because of the remaining higher head