Blood Bank 2 midterm

If precursor substance’s first sugar is bound to a lipid than it is ____ soluble. If precursor substance’s first sugar is bound to a protein it is ____ soluble.

alcohol soluble, water soluble

what cells can make Lewis antigens?

any mucosal epithelial cell including salivary glands

How do Lewis antigens end up on RBC’s

mucosal cells secrete the antigens into body fluids/ plasma and then the antigens are adsorbed onto the surface of the RBC’s

Lewis antigens easily elute which means…

they easily wash off RBC’s

There are two types of precursor substance. Type 1 is a _____ linkage and forms ____ in body fluids and ____ in plasma. Type 2 is a ______ linkage and forms ______ and ______ on RBC membranes and some _____ secretions

beta 1-3, glycoproteins, glycolipids, beta 1-4, glycolipids, glycoproteins, glycoprotein

only type ____ precursor can become a Lewis antigen

type 1

the Le gene, ______, codes for the enzyme ______ which adds _____ to subterminal sugar _________ forming Le^a

FUT3, L-fucosetransferase, L-fucose, N-acetylglucosamine

the Lewis gene and the secretor gene both compete for ____

type 1 precursor

if the Le gene acts first, type 1 precursor is turned into Le^a in a _____ shape. But if the Se gene acts first type 1 precursor is turned into Le^b in a _____ shape, and then the Le gene turns it into the ____ shape.

right arm, backwards 7, F shape

if Se acts before Le then type 1 precursor is first turned into _____ and then turned into Le^b

water soluble H substance

true of false, not all type 1 precursor is converted into H substance

true

true or false, not all H will be turned into Le^b

true

people who are bombay O (can/cannot) forms Le^b

cannot

true or false, a non secretor can still secrete Le^a

true

are Lewis antigens well developed at birth

false

development of Lewis antigens can take up to ____ years

7

true or false, baby’s cord blood will appear negative for Lewis antigens even if inherited

true

True or false, a person lacking H can still make Le^a

true

true or false, if a person makes Le^b they must be a secretor

true

if a person makes Le^b then they will present as ______ eventhough they will ________

Le (a⁼ b⁺ ), Le^a

true or false, Le^b can still be made and secreted without the Se gene

false

what class are Lewis antibodies

IgM

are Lewis antibody reactions enhanced by enzymes?

yes

do Lewis antigens exhibit dosage?

no

true or false, Lewis antigens can get weaker with pregnancy

true

Le^b acts as a receptor for what

Helicobacter pylori and Norwalk virus

Most clinically significant antibodies are ____antibodies

alloantibodies

what are the cold reacting antibodies? (IgM)

anti-M, anti-N, anti-P₁ , anti-PP_1, anti-P^k , anti-Le^a , anti-Le^b , anti-Lu^a , anti-I, anti-H

what are the warm reacting antibodies (IgG)

anti-K, anti-k, anti-K_p^a, anti-K_p^b, anti-Js^a, anti-Js^b, anti-Fy^a, anti-Fy^b, anti-Jk^a, anti-Jk^b, anti-S, anti-s, anti-Lu^b, Xg^a ,anti-U

what is U?

a component of the S and s antigens

true or false, M= N= is a common phenotype?

false, no one is M= N=

what is the frequency of Lewis a

22%

what is the frequency of Lewis b

72%

what is the frequency of M

78%

what is the frequency of N

72%

what is the frequency of big S

55%

what is the frequency of little s

90%

what is the frequency of U

100%

true or false, M and s and N and s are inherited as a haplotype

true

anti-U is only found in what population?

the Black population

P₁ phenotype includes what antigens?

P_1, P, P^k

P₂ phenotype includes what antigens

P, P^k

phenotype p includes what antigens?

none

phenotype P₁^k includes what antigens

P, P^k

P₂^k phenotype includes what antigens?

P^k

what three antibodies are part of the PP₁P^k blood group

anti-P, anti-P₁ , anti-PP₁P^k

is P₁ well developed at birth?

no

P₁ expression does what with storage

decreases expression

P₁ is associated with what?

bird handlers and hydatid cysts

what is the frequency of P

80%

what is the frequency of P₁

99%

what is the frequency of P^k

99%

what was anti-PP₁P^k called historically

anti-Tja

why is Donath Landsteiner so significant?

it binds complement when cold and hemolyzes when warm

I is found in all healthy ____ whereas i is found in all healthy _____

adults, babies

the expression of I may get weaker with _____

leukemia

autoanti-I is associated with what

diseases like Mycoplasma, Listeria infections, Hodgkin’s lymphoma

does the I/i blood group exhibit dosage?

no

K stands for ____ and has a frequency of _____

Kell, 10%

k stands for _____ and has a frequency of _____

Cellano, 99.8%

Kp^a stands for ____ and has a frequency of _____

Penny, 2.3%

Kp^b stands for _____ and has a frequency of ______

Rautenberg, 100%

Js^a stands for ____ and has a frequency of ______

Sutter, less than 1%

Js^b stands for ____ and has a frequency of _____

Matthews, 100%

K5 stands for ______ and has a frequency of _____

KU, 99%

KU is found in everyone except ___

K null people

how are Kell antigens inherited?

3 loci on 1 gene each loci is a different pair inherited as a haplotype

anti-k is exclusively associated with what population?

whites

the first most immunogenic antigen is D but the second most immunogenic antigen is ____

K

Duffy A has a frequency of ____

66%

Duffy B has a frequency of ____

83%

Duffy A= B= is associated with the ____ population and is ______

Black, resistant to malaria

true or false, Kidd antibodies are well developed at birth?

true

all Kidd antigens are ____ and can cause ____

complement activators, intravascular hemolysis

Kidd antibodies are frequently found ______

in combination with other antibodies

Which blood groups exhibit dosage?

(rich kids do math and science kinda) C,c,E,e,MN, Ss, Kell (sometimes), Duffy, Kidd

what is the frequency of Jk^a

77%

what is the frequency of Jk^b

70%

What antibody class are Kidd antibodies?

IgG

What is the frequency of Lu^a

8%

what is the frequency of Lu^b

99.8%

are Lutheran antibodies well developed at birth?

no

What antibody class is Lu^a

IgM

what antibody class is Lu^b

IgG

Which blood group antigens are unaffected by enzymes?

( lucky kelly is unaffected) Kell (all), Lutheran (all), D, Ss (possibly)

what blood group antigens are enhanced by enzymes?

(rich kids taking enhancement pills) Cc, Ee, Lewis (all), P1, I, Kidd (all)

which blood group antigens are destroyed by enzymes

(Men’s dumb x-girlfriend) M, N, S, s, Duffy (all), Xg^a

what is the frequency of Xg^a in women?

88%

what is the frequency of Xg^a in men?

64%

What class is anti-Xg^a

IgG

What are the Chido/ Rodgers antigens?

Ch1-Ch6, Rg1, Rg2, Wh

what is the frequency for all chido/rodgers antigens

99%

what antibody class are the chido/rodgers antibodies?

IgG

What is the frequency of the Vel antigen?

99%

What antibody class is the Vel antigen?

IgM

What are the YT/ Cartwright antigens

YT^a , YT^b

what is the frequency of YT^a

99.7%

what is the frequency of YT^b

10%

What class are the YT/Cartwright antibodies

IgG

what are the Dombrock antigens?

DO^a,DO^b , Gy^a, Hy, Jo^a