MedTerm- Chapter 3

articul/o

joint

card/o, cardi/o

heart

duct/o

to lead; to carry

electr/o

electricity

fasci/o

fibrous band; fascia

fibr/o

fiber

flex/o

to bend

kines/o, kinesi/o

movement

lei/o

smooth

muscul/o

muscle

my/o

muscle

myos/o

muscle

myocardi/o

heart muscle

neur/o

nerve

orth/o

straight; normal

ped/o

child; foot

plant/o

sole of the foot

radi/o

X- rays

rhabd/o

rod-shaped

sarc/o

flesh; connective tissue

son/o

sound

tax/o

coordination; order

ten/o, tendin/o, tendon/o

tendon

tens/o

stretched; strained

ton/o

tone; tension

vers/o

turn; turning

A-, an-

not; without

ab-

away; away from

ad-

toward

bi-

two; both

brady-

slow

circum-

around

dorsi-

back

dys-

painful; difficult

e-, ex-

out; away from

hemi-

half

hyper-

above; above normal; excessive

hypo-

below; below normal; deficient

in-

in; into; not

par-, para-

near; beside; alongside; beyond; abnormal

quadri-

four

tachy-

fast

tri-

three

-ac, -al, -ar, -ic

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-asthenia

weakness

-cele

hernia; swelling

-ceps

heads (attachements)

-dynia

pain

-ectomy

surgical removal; excision

-esthesia

sensation

-gram

record; image

-graphy

process of recording

-ia

condition

-ion

process; state; condition

-itis

inflammation

-logy

study of

-lysis

breakdown; separation; loosening

-malacia

softening

-oma

tumor; mass

-paresis

weakness

-penia

deficiency

-plasty

surgical repair

-plegia

paralysis

-plegic

pertaining to paralysis

-rrhexis

rupture

-scope

instrument used to view

-scopy

visual examination using a scope

-tomy

process of cutting; incision

-tonia

tone; tension

-trophy

condition of growth or development

muscle

type of body tissue made up of bundles of fibers (long, slender cells) that are held together by connective tissue

skeletal muscle

striated muscle, is voluntary muscle that is attached to bone and can be contracted or relaxed through conscious control

muscle fibers

striated muscle has a distinctively striped appearance and is composed of muscle fibers

facia

a band or sheet of fibrous tissue that encloses a muscle or group of muscles

smooth muscle

called visceral muscle, type of involuntary muscle, meaning it is not controlled by conscious thought processes. smooth muscle surrounds internal organs and is found throughout your respiratory tract, stomach, intestines, and urinary tract. smooth muscle contracts and relaxes to move contentsthrough body system passageways.

automaticity

the ability of a muscle to contract without the involvement of a nerve supply. automaticity is a property of visceral, smooth, and cardiac muscles.

contractibility

the ability of a skeletal muscle to contract (shorten); for example, the biceps muscle contracts when the arm is flexed

elasticity

the ability of skeletal muscle fibers to resume their resting length when a stretching force is removed; for example, when a spring is stretched and then released, it returns to its original position.

excitability

the ability of a skeletal muscle to recieve and respond to a nerve impulse by contracting. for example, nerves send a message to the heart muscle, and the heart pumps blood though the vessels throughout the body

extensibility

the ability of the skeletal muscles to be stretched. extensibility is evident in the hamstrings and calf muscles during a toe touch, for example

origin

origin of a muscle is the attachment site that does not move hen the muscle contracts

insertion

attachment site that moves during muscular contraction

agonist

muscle that causes the primary movement

antagonist

muscle that works against the movement

amb

ambulate (walk)

CAT

computerized axial tomography

CFT

certified fitness trainer

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CTS

carpal tunnel syndrome

DMD

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

DTR

deep tendon reflex

EMG

electromyogram

h

hour(s)

Hx, hx

history

IM

intramuscular

L

left

MD

muscular dystrophy

mg

milligram(s)

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging