IT 213: Midterm Review

Internet

An international public network that connects millions of users to private networks

World Wide Web

A series of Web servers, connected computers, that store web pages, electronic documents

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A communications standard that enables application programs and devices to exchange messages over a network

Internet Protocol (IP)

The numeric address for a computer connected to the internet

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

The communications standard for transmitting webpages over the internet

Hyperlinks

A word, phrase, or image that connects to webpages

Internet/Web Standard Organizations

Organizations that develop Web Standards and guidelines necessary to advance the growth and development of the internet

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

A unique address for a webpage

What does a URL consist of?

A domain name, top-level domain designation, and the path to a specific page

Protocol

 A technical standard or rule for submitting data

Domain Name

 The text version of a computer’s numeric IP address

Top-Level Domain

 A designation that indicates the type of organization or general domain for which the domain name is registered

E-Commerce

A wide selection of online business activities, including consumer shopping, investing, and transactions made within a company

Types of E-Commerce

Business-to-Business (B2B), Business-to-Consumer (B2C), Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)

Transfer Rate

The speed that data is sent from one device to another (measured in bit per second, bps)

Mbps

Megabits per second, millions of bits per second

Kbps

Kilobits per second, thousands of bits per second

Broadband

High-speed data transmission over a communication channel that can transmit multiple signals at one time

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

 A digital line that transmits at fast speeds on standard copper telephone wire

Cable Television Line (CATV)

  A line that is connected to a cable modem, through which data can rapidly travel

Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)

Requires a fiber optic cable and a permanent physical location for the internet and router to produce high-speed internet access to homes and businesses

Satellite

 Using a satellite dish that communicates with a satellite modem to produce high-speed wireless internet

Mobile Internet Access

Mobile devices use an internal antenna or wireless card to connect to the Internet, hotspot, or wireless provider’s network.

3G (Third Generation)

Standards for mobile communications that support smartphone and laptop communications, such as speech and data services

4G (Fourth Generation)

 Standards for mobile communications that improve on 3G standards by supporting gaming and streaming multimedia

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

A business that has permanent internet connection and provides internet connections to individuals and companies

Regional ISP

Provides internet access for customers in a specific geographic area

National ISP

Provides internet access in most major cities and towns nationwide

Web Browsers

An app or program that requests, downloads, and displays webpages stored on a web server

Search Engine

A web-based search tool that locates a webpage using a word or phrase found in the page

Search Directory

A human-driven categorized online index that builds its webpage using human interaction

Portal

A website that offers a starting point for accessing information

Types of Websites

Personal, Organizational, and Commercial

Markup Languages

A coding system that uses tags to provide information about the appearance, structure, and formatting of a document

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

A markup language that creates webpages

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

A document, or style sheet, that uses rules to standardize the appearance of webpage content by defining styles for elements

Scripting Languages

Programming languages used to write short programs called scripts

Text Editor

Software used to create plain (ASCII) text files

HTML Editor

A text editor used to enhance special features that are used to easily insert HTML tags and their attributes

WYSIWYG Editor

Another term used for web development tools, such as Dreamweaver

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

A professional-strength web development tool to create and manage complex, interactive, and animated webpages (ex. Microsoft Visual Studio)

Web Template

A predesigned model that can be customized for fast website or webpage development (ex. Wix)

Contact Management System (CMS)

Software that provides website creation and administrative tools for managing web content and development (ex. Wordpress)

Intranet

A private network within a large organization that uses Internet and Web technologies to share information among members, employees, and partners

Creative Roles

Roles that focus primarily on the look and content of the website

Technical Roles

Roles that focus on the website’s technology, functionality, and security

Oversight Role

Roles that focus on the managerial, administrative, or marketing/customer service-related issues

Responsive Web Design (RWD)

A design strategy used to create websites that adjust layout and content to the device and screen displaying webpages

Advantages of Web Publishing

Currency, interactivity, Cost, and Delivery

Currency

The ability to update pages quickly and inexpensively

Connectivity

The ability to instantaneously distribute and share content widely

Interactivity

Allows for data and resource sharing, such as communication and comments

Cost

Updating a webpage is more cost effective than print

Delivery

Enables the fast and inexpensive distribution of information published on the internet

Goals (Information Design)

The results that you want your website to accomplish within a specific timeframe

Objectives (Information Design)

The methods used to accomplish the website’s goals

Demographic Characteristics

Explains who your website’s visitors are (ex. Gender, age group, education level, income location)

Psychographic Characteristics

Explains why visitors might want to access your website and how they would interact with it (social group affiliations, lifestyle choices, purchasing preferences)

User Needs

   Website testing, publishing, and maintenance done to ensure the website meets what the users need and fall within your resources

Display Resolution

Page elements display differently at different resolutions

Home Page

Establishes the website’s visual identity and answers the Who, What, Where, and Why questions

Underlying Page

Includes the same elements of the home page

Landing Page

Appears when the visitor reaches a website by clicking a link, advertisement, or search result

Two Categories of Image Files

Bitmap (Raster) and Vector

A ______ site structure organizes webpages in a specific order

Linear

Linear or Tutorial Website Structure

 Presents information in a specific order (Sequential, historical, or chronological)

Hierarchical Structure

Organizes information into categories and subcategories

Dynamically Generated Web Content

Content that updates periodically and can be triggered by an event

Bitmap (Rastor)

Image files that consist of a series of individual pixels

Vector

Image files that consist of a series of separate drawing objects

User-Based Navigation System

Link pages based on visitors’ needs and Understands how visitors will use your website

User-Controlled Navigation System

Allow visitors to move around the site in a manner they choose and provides different types of navigation elements

Text links

Hyperlinks based on a word

Relative URL

Points to another location relative to the current location

Absolute URL

 Points to another location specifying the protocol, server, path name and file name

Hidden Links

Links collapsed or hidden by default

Image Maps

An image that contains hotspots that are created WYSIWYG editors or image mapping software

Breadcrumb Trails (Location)

Static and show where the page is located in the website hierarchy

Breadcrumb Trails (Path)

Dynamic and show the path that the user has taken to arrive at a page

Site Map

Summary page of links to major pages at the site

Levels of Navigation

Primary, Local, Contextual, and Adaptive

Balance

The harmonious symmetrical (centered) and asymmetrical (off-balance) arrangement of elements

Proximity (Closeness)

A design element associated with balance where webpage elements are arranged prioritizing closeness

How is proximity accomplished?

 By placing related elements close together and using white space to separate unrelated elements

Visual Identity

The combination of design elements identified with the website and its publisher

Types of Formatting

Inline, Internal, and External

Page Layout

A standardized and consistent layout fosters a sense of balance and ensures visual consistency

Layout Grids (Fluid & Responsive)

Positions content on a page using an underlying structure of rows and columns

Fluid Grid Layouts

Based on a percentage of the screen

Responsive Grid Layout

Use a combination of percentages and fixed limits

Tables

Arrangement of cells in rows and columns to organize data

Typography

The appearance and arrangement of type

Typography consists of ________

Typefaces, Styles, and Size

Two Kinds off Font Size

Relative (used for the web and measured in em & ex) and Absolute (used for print and measured in points, picas, inches, centimeters, and pixels)

Typography Tips

Primary Colors

Red, Yellow, Blue

Secondary Colors

Orange, green, and violet

Warm Colors

Colors associated with activity and power

Cool Colors

Colors associated with tranquility and detachment