Respiratory System

Test 4

Respiration

the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and cells

Systems used in respiration

Cardiovascular and respiratory

Respiration in respiratory system

Exchange of gasses between the atmosphere and blood

Functions of the external nose

Appearance, increase surface area, warm air, filter air

Anatomical parts of external nose

Bridge, room, apex, alae, external nares

External nose bridge

2 nasal bones

External nose room

Portion of nose between eyes

External nose apex

Point of nose

External nose alae

Wings of the nose

External nose external nares

Holes of the nose

Nasal cavity

From the nostril to the nasopharynx

Anatomical parts of the nasal cavity

Internal nares, nasal septum, floor of nasal cavity, roof, floor, lateral wall, vestibule, paranasal sinus

Internal nares

Transition from external nose to internal nose

Nasal septum

Made up of the vomer and perpendicular ethmoid bone

Anterior portion of the floor of nasal cavity

Palantine process of the maxillary bone

Posterior portion of the floor of the nasal cavity

Horizontal plate of the palatine bone

Roof of the nasal cavity

Formed by the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Ethmoid bone

Superior and middle nasal conchae

Formed by the ethmoid bone

Under the nasal conchae

Meatus

Meatus

Lined with mucus membrane, helps to warm air

When meatus is inflamed

Air is blocked

Vestibule of nasal cavity

Area just inside the nose

What is the epithelium of the vestibule of the nasal cavity

Stratified squamous epithelium

What are the structures of the paranasal sinuses

Cavities in bone, drain into the nose

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses

Frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, maxillary

Epistaxis

Nose bleed

Where is the pharynx located

From the internal nares to the larynx

What is the pharynx

Passageway for food and air, throat

Structure of the pharynx

Skeletal muscle in a tube form surrounding the lumen

3 portions of pharynx in order

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Location of nasopharynx

Behind the nasal cavity to the soft palate

Type of epithelium in nasopharynx

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Nasopharynx contains…

Openings to the Eustachian tubes, pharyngeal sinuses

Pharyngeal tonsils

Adnoids

Eustachian tubes

Auditory tubes

Location of oropharynx

Behind oral cavity to the hyoid

Oral cavity opens into

Oropharynx

Epithelium of the oropharynx

Stratified squamous epithelium

Oropharynx contains ….

Palatine and lingual tonsils

Locations of the laryngopharynx

Behind the larynx to the cricoid

The laryngopharynx is

continuous with the esophagus and opens anterior to the larynx

Laryngopharynx transports

Air and food

Epithelium in Laryngopharynx

Stratified squamous epithelium

Where is the larynx located

behind the pharynx and trachea

Larynx also known as the

Voice box

What does the larynx do

Produces sound

What are the 9 cartilages of the larynx

Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid (2), epiglottis, corniculate (2), cuneiform (2)

Structure of the thyroid

Anterior wall of the larynx, shield shaped

The thyroid forms the

Adams apple

Where do the vocal cords connect

In the thyroid cartilage

Structure of the cricoid cartilage

Forms the inferior and posterior walls of the larynx

What does the arytenoid do

Rotates to change pitch of voice

Where are the arytenoids

To the back and above the cricoid

What does the epiglottis do

Closes over the glottis when you swallow and prevents food from entering the airway

Structure of the epiglottis

Leaf shaped, attached behind thyroid

Structure of the corniculates

Small cones

The corniculates are attached to

Arytenoids

The cuneiform

Connects the epiglottis and one arytenoid

Epithelium of the larynx above the vocal cords

Stratified squamous epithelium

Epithelium of the larynx below the vocal cords

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Why cough reflex

Epithelium in the larynx has nerve endings to prevent choking

What are the ventricular folds for

Assist in closing the glottis to swallow

Where are the ventricular folds

Parallel and superior to the vocal cords

Where is the vestibule of the larynx

The inner larynx above the ventricular folds

Where are the vocal cords

Between the thyroid and the arytenoid

What do vocal cords do

Vibrate as air goes through to create sound

What are the vocal cords

Elastic ligaments covered in stratified squamous epithelium

Vocal cords are --- in males

Thicker and longer

Where is the trachea

From the cricoid cartilage to the division of the bronchi

Structure of the trachea

C shaped cartilages surrounding a soft tube, vacuums cleaner

What does the trachea do

Tube passage for air that removes dust and other things

Epithelium of the trachea

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Where are the bronchi

Below the trachea and into the lungs

What is the right and left primary bronchi

Same structure as the trachea with a smaller diameter, branch to go to left and right lung

What do the primary bronchi branch into

Lobar bronchi

Which primary bronchi is straighter

Right primary bronchi

How many lobar bronchi are there on the right

3 lobar bronchi

How many lobar bronchi are there on the left

2 lobar bronchi

Where do the lobar bronchi go

Separate into the lobes of the lungs

Lobar bronchi separate into the

Segmental bronchi

Where do the segmental bronchi go

Into each segment of the lungs

Segmental bronchi branch into

Bronchioles

As bronchioles get smaller

Have decreased cartilage, decreased smooth muscle, decreased epithelium

Final bronchi

Terminal bronchioles

What happens in asthma

The smooth muscle contracts and closes airways

Why asthma

Allergic condition to antigens in air/food

Lungs

Cone shaped organ

Lungs location

In the thoracic cavity

Air tight cavity

Pleural membrane

Pleural membrane

Air tight cavity for lungs

Inside the pleural membrane

Air and lubricating fluid

2 surfaces of the pleural membrane

Visceral pleura, parietal pleura

Visceral pleura

Lung wall of pleural membrane

Parietal pleura

Thoracic wall of pleural membrane

3 problems associated with the pleural membrane

Pleurisy, hemothorax, pneumothorax

Pleurisy causes

Inflammation, rubbing, pain when breathing

Hemothorax caused by

Blood in the pleural cavity

Pneumothorax caused by

Extra air in the pleural cavity

6 portions of the lung

Base, apex, costal surface, mediastinal surface, diaphragmatic surface, hilus