EBP RAT Answers

e. All of the above

Which of the following are aspects of Evidence-Based Practice? Select the *BEST* answer.

a. Clinical expertise

b. Resources

c. Encompassing research findings

d. Patient values

e. All of the above\####d. All of the above

What are some of the barriers to evidence-based practice? Select the *BEST* answer.

a. Accessibility of research findings

b. Lack of skills to evaluate research

c. Lack of organizational support

d. All of the above\####4 steps of EBP

1. Searching the literature efficiently

2. Appraising the literature critically

3. Applying the results to clinical practice or patient

4. Evaluating the outcomes of the applied evidence in your practice or patient\####d. ask

\____________: determine what clinical information you need.

a. apply

b. assess

c. appraise

d. ask\####c. appraise

\_____________: assessing the literature critically

a. apply

b. assess

c. appraise

d. ask\####b. assess

\_______________: evaluating the outcomes of the applying evidence in your practice.

a. apply

b. assess

c. appraise

d. ask\####a. apply

\__________: applying the results to clinical practice or patient

a. apply

b. assess

c. appraise

d. ask\####d. The design representing the highest level of evidence that is available for the specific intervention of interest

You are an evidence-based practitioner reviewing the research literature about a specific intervention of interest, what kind of research design is essential to select? Select the *BEST* answer.

a. Case report

b. Randomized Controlled Trial

c. Systematic Review

d. The design representing the highest level of evidence that is available for the specific intervention of interest\####b. Left unilateral neglect and hemiparesis

You have a patient who recently had a stroke resulting in left unilateral neglect and hemiparesis on the left side. His goal is to become independent in all of his ADLs, especially dressing. He has heard that constraint-induced movement therapy is intensive but effective from his friend who experienced a stroke. You develop a PICO question to appraise the evidence. Your question is "For individuals with left unilateral neglect and hemiparesis, is constraint-induced movement therapy effective in increasing independence in ADLs such as dressing?" Which part of the question is the P of the PICO question?

a. Increased independence in ADLs

b. Left unilateral neglect and hemiparesis

c. Stroke

d. Constraint-induced movement therapy\####c. Integrate the results of the literature search with her clinical expertise and patient preferences

Susie is an occupational therapist whose supervisor told her that she needs to be utilizing EBP. John is an occupational therapist whose supervisor wants him to use the highest level of evidence. Which of the following is something that Susie would do differently than John?

a. Formulate a PICO question to assess the availability of evidence

b. Identify research articles with the highest level of evidence for the specific research question

c. Integrate the results of the literature search with her clinical expertise and patient preferences

d. None of the above\####a. It provides strong evidence, but randomized controlled trials generally provide stronger evidence

Which of the following is FALSE about a systematic review?

a. It provides strong evidence, but randomized controlled trials generally provide stronger evidence

b. It includes a comprehensive literature search and critical appraisal of individual studies

c. A meta-analysis is a type of systematic review

d. It includes all information on a topic to the best of the authors' knowledge including published and unpublished research\####d. Tradition

As a recent graduate, you have been exposed to the research for best practices for children with CP. You know that there is little research evidence supporting the use of neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) to improve occupational performance with this population. Sabrina is a seasoned occupational therapist. She was trained in NDT in the 1980s and uses NDT with most of her clients with CP and she believes that she has seen success with this form of treatment. The source of knowledge responsible for her decision to use NDT is *MOST* likely?

a. Deductive reasoning

b. Inductive reasoning

c. Scientific method

d. Tradition\####d. All of the above

Which of the following are skills that a clinician following EBP should obtain?

a. Using inductive reasoning to know whether the findings from a study apply to your client population

b. Knowing which resources are trustworthy sources for clinical practice guidelines

c. Knowing how to formulate a PICO question and search the literature based on that question

d. All of the above\####d. A client has decreased strength in her intrinsic hand muscles and decreased intrinsic hand muscle strength leads to decreased ability to manipulate objects. Therefore, increasing the muscle strength will lead to increased ability to manipulate objects.

Portney and Watkins describe various sources of knowledge. Which of the following is an example of an occupational therapist using *deductive reasoning*?

a. An OT has been using the COPM during her initial evaluation because that is how her professors taught her to do an evaluation when in school.

b. An OT provided a reacher for his client so that his client could reach food on his top shelf, but his client never used the reacher. The OT then reorganized his client's pantry placing the frequently used food items on the middle shelf. His client can now independently get his food from the pantry.

c. An OT uses a pegboard as a way to improve fine motor dexterity because that is how her clinic has always worked on fine motor dexterity.

d. A client has decreased strength in her intrinsic hand muscles and decreased intrinsic hand muscle strength leads to decreased ability to manipulate objects. Therefore, increasing the muscle strength will lead to increased ability to manipulate objects.\####c. To search the literature and appraise the evidence of all the articles you could find addressing your clinical question

Which of the following is *NOT* a recommendation for efficiently accessing research evidence as an evidence-based practitioner?

a. When clinical practice guidelines are not available, using a systematic review or meta-analysis to learn the best practice

b. Using a trusted source such as Stroke Engine for clinical practice guidelines

c. To search the literature and appraise the evidence of all the articles you could find addressing your clinical question

d. All of the above\####d. Google Scholar, a tool within the Google search engine, will retrieve primarily research articles but is not as comprehensive as searching bibliographic electronic databases.

Identify the *most correct* statement:

a. Books are never useful when searching the literature for answers to a PICO question

b. Articles published in any journals undergo the same amount of vetting before publication

c. Searching electronic bibliographic databases and searching Google is essentially the same thing in terms of retrieving the best research evidence.

d. Google Scholar, a tool within the Google search engine, will retrieve primarily research articles but is not as comprehensive as searching bibliographic electronic databases.\####c. A research article about the topic published in a peer-reviewed journal

You are an OT looking for the highest level of evidence regarding a PICO question that you wrote. Which source of information is *MOST* appropriate to use?

a. Blog post about the topic written by an OT

b. Commercial website related to the topic

c. A research article about the topic published in a peer-reviewed journal

d. An editorial about the topic published in a peer-reviewed journal\####b. Journal article

Which filter(s) should you use to narrow your Summon search? Select the *best* response.

a. Library catalogue

b. Journal article

c. Books

d. OT & rehab and journal article\####true

T/F: A subject heading is a descriptive tag to describe the main theme(s) of an article. Articles generally are described by many subject headings\####true

a. Autism disorder is sometimes referred to as autistic disorder. To search PubMed, for all articles about autism, no matter how it is called in the article, I should search this term: aut*

b. You are doing a search in PubMed to learn about the role of OT with people who have a degenerative condition. You want to capture all word/spelling variations for degenerative. Your search term should be: degenerat*

c. Truncations are useful with subject headings such as MeSH terms in PubMed

d. The * is the truncation symbols in all databases that use truncations.\####d. (Exercise OR "physical activity") AND "Attention Deficit & Hyperactivity Disorder"

You want to conduct a search about the value of exercise in children with ADHD. Which of the options below, is the *best* search strategy?

a. Exercise OR ADHD

b. (Exercise OR physical activity) AND ADHD

c. (Exercise AND "physical activity") AND "Attention Deficit & Hyperactivity Disorder"

d. (Exercise OR "physical activity") AND "Attention Deficit & Hyperactivity Disorder"\####b. (dementia OR alzheimer) AND ("physical exercise" OR "physical activity" OR "aerobic exercise" OR "strength training")

You want to obtain the highest level of evidence about the efficacy of physical activity for people with dementia. Which of the following is the *best* search to conduct:

a. (dementia AND alzheimer) AND ("physical exercise" OR "physical activity" OR "strength training")

b. (dementia OR alzheimer) AND ("physical exercise" OR "physical activity" OR "aerobic exercise" OR "strength training")

c. (dementia OR alzheimer) AND physical AND (exercise OR activity) OR aerobic

d. (dementia OR alzheimer) AND ("physical exercise" AND "physical activity")\####d. Search for Autism Spectrum Disorder retrieves any article containing the 3 words regardless of whether they are about the condition called autism spectrum disorder.

You are conducting a search in PubMed. First, you type in the search box Autism Spectrum Disorder and retrieve about 32,000 entries/articles. Then, you search "Autism Spectrum Disorder" and retrieve about 12,000 entries/articles. Which statement is *MOST CORRECT* about these two search results?

a. The difference between the two search is explained by random error within the database

b. Searching Autism Spectrum Disorder is better since it retrieved more entries/articles

c. You should search both Autism Spectrum Disorder and "Autism Spectrum Disorder" combined with OR to retrieve all relevant article

d. Search for Autism Spectrum Disorder retrieves any article containing the 3 words regardless of whether they are about the condition called autism spectrum disorder.\####false

T/F: The question "tell me about your experience at Jefferson, is an example of a close-ended question."\####false

a. All questionnaires provide valid and reliable information.

b. False Questionnaires only contain multiple choice questions.

c. Close-ended questions help the analysis of data as there is uniformity in response choices across respondents.

d. The use of close-ended questions automatically minimizes the risk for respondents misunderstanding questions or response choices.\####c. Questions should include the word "And" or "Or"

Which of the following is *NOT* a true statement about questionnaires?

a. Each question in a questionnaire should be confined to a single idea.

b. Word-selection is important when writing questions.

c. Questions should include the word "And" or "Or"

d. Jargony terms should never be used\####true

T/F: Prefacing a sensitive question with a "normalizing" statement is a good strategy when asking sensitive close-ended questions\####false

a. In drafting a new questionnaire, the researcher or clinician should include only one question per topic of interest.

b. The order of the questions in a questionnaire does not matter.

c. The visual appeal of a questionnaire is important.