They all are enclosed by a membrane, filled with DNA, and contain cytoplasm
What do all cells have in common?
Prokaryotic
Which type of cell can only be in single-celled organisms?
Eukaryotic
Which type of cell can be in single- or multi-celled organisms?
Eukaryotic
Which type of cell contains membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotic
Which type of cell does not contain membrane-bound organelles?
All organisms are made of cells
All cells are made by other cells
The cell is the most basic unit of life
What are the 3 parts of cell theory?
Schleiden
The German scientist who first noted that plants are made of cells
Schwann
The German scientist who first concluded that all living things are made of cells
Hooke
The English scientist who first identified and named cells
Leeuwenhoek
The Dutch scientist who made lenses and was the first person to observe cells in greater detail
Virchow
The German scientist who first proposed that all cells come from other, existing cells
Cytoskeleton
The part of the cell that supports & shapes the cell, and positions the organelles
Nucleus
The organelle that contains DNA
Nuclear membrane
The part of the cell surrounding the nucleus
Cytoplasm
The part of the cell that fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It contains mostly water, and many of the cell's chemical reactions happen here.
Ribosomes
This organelle is the site of protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The organelle that folds and synthesizes proteins and lipids
Rough ER
The type of ER that is studded with ribosomes
Smooth ER
The type of ER that doesn't contain ribosomes
Smooth ER
The type of ER that does lipid synthesis
Golgi Apparatus
The organelle that packages, sorts, and delivers proteins.
Vesicles
Membrane-bound sacs that transport materials around the cell
Mitochondria
The organelle that supplies energy to the cell
Vacuole
Fluid-filled sacs that store water and food molecules
Plants
Do plants or animals have larger vacuoles?
Lysosomes
This organelle contains enzymes that defend the cell and break down damaged parts of the cell
Animals
Do plants or animals have lysosomes?
Centrioles
These organelles help in cell division
Animals
Do plants or animals have centrioles?
Cell Wall
A strong, rigid layer surrounding the cell membrane. It provides support, shape, and protection to the cell.
Plants
Do plants or animals have cell walls?
Chloroplasts
The organelle that carries out photosynthesis
Selectively permeable
Cell membranes allow some things in the cell and not others. What is this property called?
Phospholipid
What structure forms the cell membrane?
Phosphate
What are the heads of the phospholipid made of?
Fatty acids
What forms the tails of the phospholipid?
Polar
Phospholipid heads are _____ molecules
Hydrophilic
Phospholipid heads are hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Hydrophobic
Phospholipid tails are hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Hydrophilic
Attracts water
Hydrophobic
Repels water
Cholesterol
This molecule found on the cell membrane strengthens it
Proteins
This molecule extends through the cell membrane, forming channels
Carbohydrate
This molecule found on the cell membrane helps your body identify what type of cell it is
Fluid Mosaic Model
This model shows that the cell membrane is flexible and set up like tiles
Proteins
What are cell receptors made of?
Ligands
The molecules that bind to receptors.
Intracellular Receptors
The type of receptor found inside the cell
Intracellular Receptors
These receptors can interact with DNA & start protein production
Membrane Receptors
The type of receptor found on the cell membrane. They send signals into the cell.
Passive Transport
Allows molecules to move across the cell membrane without using energy
Diffusion
Movement of materials from areas of high to low concentration.
Concentration Gradient
Describes the concentration of molecules between areas
Osmosis
Diffusion of water molecules
Isotonic
Same concentration of dissolved materials
Hypertonic
Solution has a higher concentration of dissolved solids
Hypertonic
The water concentration is higher inside the cell, so water moves out
Hypotonic
Solution has a lower concentration of dissolved solids
Hypotonic
The water concentration is lower inside the cell, so water moves into the cell.
Facilitated diffusion
Larger molecules use this to diffuse through openings in the cell membrane formed by transfer proteins
Moving down the concentration gradient
Moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Moving against the concentration gradient
Moving from an area of low concentration to high concentration
Active Transport
Transporting a substance from an area of low to high concentration using energy
ATP
What type of energy is used during active transport?
Endocytosis
Moving large molecules into a cell by engulfing them into a membrane
Exocytosis
Moving large molecules out of a cell
Vacuole
A
Cell Wall
B
Rough ER
C
Nucleus
D
Mitochondria
E
Chloroplasts
F
Golgi Apparatus
G
Centrioles
A
DNA
B
Nucleolis
C
Nucleus
D
Lysosomes
E
Smooth ER
F
Golgi Apparatus
G
Rough ER
H
Ribosomes
I
Cytoplasm
J
Cell Membrane
K
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