English 1

1st quarter

Information

A powerful tool that can help us stay informed, make better decisions, and understand complex topics

Primary

tells you something about an event and is from the time of the event

Primary

produced by a person who actually experienced/saw/witnessed the event first-hand

Primary

happens when it is given

Primary

speeches

Primary

music

Primary

autobiography

Primary

oral histories/memoirs

Primary

maps

Primary

advertisements

Primary

interview

Primary

photographs

Primary

letters

Primary

diary

Secondary

tells you about an event but it is from a time after the event

Secondary

usually talks about primary sources

Secondary

produced by people who are not present during the event

Secondary

referenced primary sources for information

Secondary

derived, summarizes, analyzes, and interprets primary sources/information

Secondary

textbooks

Secondary

magazines

Secondary

encyclopedia

Secondary

book reviews

Secondary

biographies

Secondary

dictionaries

Secondary

articles that review other sources

Secondary

books written about events

Compare

pointing out their similarities or what they have in common

“Comparare” meaning

to liken or to compare

Contrast

means pointing out their differences or where they diverge from one another

“contra” meaning

against

“spare” meaning

to stand

Contrast

In middle English, was used for meaning “to fight against” or “to withstand in a battle”

Middle English

(where/what/when) was “to fight against” or “to withstand in a battle” used

Outside Source

from peer-reviewed academic publications, reports and articles, books from credible non-academic sources, short pieces from newspapers or credible websites, agenda-driven or uncertain pieces

Graphic Organizers

ex: venn diagram, table & t-chart, y-chart, top hat organizer

Table and T-chart

you can only contrast and not compare when using this

Research

A process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information, in accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic disciplines

Research

Conducted to evaluate the validity of a hypothesis or an interpretive framework, to assemble a body of a substantive knowledge and findings for sharing them in appropriate manners; and to generate questions for further inquiries

Research Paper

written piece of your work in your own words

Research Paper

will be your work but you have based your knowledge on he credible work of others

Research Paper

uses documentation -- analyzes, discusses, and debates ideas -- acquaints you with a cross-section of materials -- engages you in critical + not creative reading and writing

Research Paper

not a piece of expository writing

Research Paper

not a personal essay

Research Paper

not a reflection paper

Research Paper

not a review for academic literature

Research Paper

not a mere reporting of facts and/or opinion

Aims

general statements that provide direction and/or identity an intention to act

Aims

identify targets but these are not directly measurable

Aims

in education, this state what a learner might learn or what the teacher might do

Goals

high-level, non-measurable statements concerning a broad, open-ended measure of achievement

Goals

it is vague in a sense that they do not specify a time period for completion or quantity

Goals

"To develop the ability to guess the meaning of unknown words from 'context'"

Objectives

statements about what is to be achieved in concrete terms

Objectives

these can be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, timed)

Objectives

in education, these are specific statements about what learner will be able to do (or do better)

Objectives

"Read all 500 pages of the course textbook by the end of the semester."

Research

makes use of formal, academic, and persuasive language to communicate discussions and present corresponding findings for variables studied

Analytical Research

Requires you to survey information and collect existing views to familiarize yourself with the general landscape of ideas and concepts related to your topic

Analytical Research

Require subjecting the information to critical reading

Analytical Research

Remain largely exploratory in nature; hence, the apparent lack of a clear thesis statement

Argumentative Research

demand a clear stand on a contentious ...

Introduction

it is where the context and overview of the topic are seen

Introduction

attention getter of the research

Introduction

where you put your thesis statement and your stand

Body

Longest part of the research

Body

where the evidences can be found or read

Conclusion

summarizes the main parts

Conclusion

reiterates or restates the thesis statement

Subject

people who are being studied in a research

Validity

accuracy, the extent to which a test/study measures what it is supposed to measure

Random Sample

everybody has the chance of being assigned to any group

Standard Deviation

measure of spread; the average deviation of a group of scores from the mean

Statistics

mathematical tools based on the normal curve to analyze data

Statistical Significance

an important finding that did not likely happen by chance

Research Design

method of finding out what the researcher wants to know, experience, or correlate

Variable

quantity of interest that can be manipulated, observed, or studied

Sample

smaller group that represents population of interest

Methodology

systematic approach to the conduct of a process + it includes steps of procedure, application of techniques, systems of analysis, and the modes of inquiry employed by a discipline

Advocacy

activities that argue, plead, support, or favor a certain cause

Advocacy

aims to influence decision-making (political, social, environmental, economic issues)

Advocacy

present strong points that may either support or contradict existing policies and legal mandates on specific topics or issues

Campaign

social or political in nature, is technically defined as a planned set of activities that people to carry out to attain a certain or objective

Campaign

well-planned speaking activity that aims to excite, persuade, and/or motivate listeners convincing them to adhere to the speaker's ideas (by employing strong and emphasized strong persuasive languages strong impression)

Emotive Language

use of words that evoke emotions and make people feel certain way (writing headlines. delivering speeches)

Modal Verbs

use of words that express modality or how likely something is going to happen helps adjust the level of certainty of events

Modal Verbs

help improve the quality of persuasive writing by using may, might, will, can, ought to, must, shall, could, would

Involving the Reader

use of personal pronouns like you, your, we, our, and indicative words like together

Involving the Reader

any phrases that indicates togetherness + connection between author and reader

Rhetorical Questions

questions that are not supposed to be answered + answers are obvious

Using Evidence

use of facts, figures, or quotes from experts to highlight the author's authority and make the argumentative more convincing

Repetition

repeating keywords, phrases, or ideas to appeal to the readers

Adjectives and Adverbs

makes it possible for the writer to influence how the reader's feel

Association

to link an object or an idea with something already liked or desired by the target audience (wealth, success, pleasure, and security)

Bandwagon

makes the audience believe the idea that "everyone is doing it" or everybody likes something

Experts

means relying on expert advice from trusted people (doctors, scientists)

Experts

they are risking their credibility to support an object or idea which makes the persuasion more effective

Is it important?

worth the time

Is it important?

should possibly matter not only to you but also to the general reader