Anatomy

Caudal

Toward the tail

simple squamous epithelium

single layer of flat cells and nuclei. reduces friction, controls vessel permeability, performs absorption and secretion. alveoli or lungs, blood vessels, heart, kidneys, lining of body cavities

Anterior

In-front of

Posterior

In back of

Superior

Above

Inferior

Below

Cranial

Toward the head

Ventral

Belly side

Dorsal

Back

Medial

Toward mid line

Lateral

Away from the mid line

Proximal

Closer to attachment

Distal

Further form attachment

Transverse plane

Cuts body into a superior and inferior section

frontal Plane

Cuts body into Anterior and posterior section

Sagittal

cuts body into a right an left section

Mid-Sagittal

Cuts body into a equal right and left portion

Superficial

Closer to the surface

Deep

Further from the surface

cephalic

head

frontal

forehead

orbital or ocular

eye

otic

ear

nasal

nose

buccal

cheek

oral

mouth

mental

chin

cervical

neck

thoracic

chest

mammary

breast

abdominal

anterior or body, inferior to ribs

umbilical

pelvis

inguinal

groin

pubic

genital region

axial region

head, neck and trunk

occipital

posterior of hear

acromial

point of shoulder

axillary

armpit

dorsal

back

vertebral

spinal column

scapular

shoulder blade/scapula

lumbar

lower back between ribs and hips, loin

sacral

region between hips, overlying sacrum

gluteal

buttocks/rump

perineal

region between anus and genitalia

appendicular region

upper and lower limbs

brachial

upper arm from shoulder to elbow

antebrachial

forearm

olecranal

posterior elbow

antecubital

anterior elbow (site of blood draw)

carpal

wrist

palmar

palm

pollex

thumb

digital

fingers/toes

crural

anterior lower leg

femoral

thigh

popliteal

posterior knee

patellar

anterior knee cap

sural

calf

peroneal

lateral lower leg

tarsal

ankle

calcaneal

heel

plantar

sole

hallux

big toe

dorsal cavity

posterior cavity protected by skull and vertebral column, includes cranial and spinal cavities

cranial cavity

brain

spinal cavity

spinal cord

ventral cavity

anterior, divided int two cavities separated by the diaphragm, thoracic and abdominopelvic

thoracic cavity

protected by the rib cage, includes pericardial, left and right pleural and mediastinum cavities

pericardial cavity

heart

left and right pleural cavities

lungs

mediastinum

esophagus, trachea, thymus, blood vessels of the heart. Also contains the pericardial cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

contains the abdominal and pelvic cavities

abdominal cavity

stomach, liver, gall abladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, small instestine and part of the large instestine

pelvic cavity

urinary bladder, end of large instestine, internal reproductive structures

serous membranes

reduce friction between organs and cavity walls, pleura, pericardium and peritoneum

visceral layer

covers organ

parietal layer

lines cavity wall

cavity

space between visceral, parietal layers

transudate

fluid secreted by membranes, prevents friction

right hypochondriac region

right lumbar region

right inguinal/iliac region

epigastric region

umbilical region

hypogastric region

left hypochondriac region

left lumbar region

left inguigal/iliac region

brain

spinal cord

adrenal glands

thyroid

pancreas

heart

spleen

B

lungs

trachea

esophagus

stomach