Theory test 11th grade

pg 81 -95 and 201 - 204

What is a computer aided design (CAD) application?

It is a software application that assists engineers to create, modify, analyze, and optimize a design.

What is the purpose of a computer aided design (CAD) application?

Its purpose is to increase the productivity of the designer and the quality of the resulting design.

What are three circumstances where a computer aided design (CAD) application is used?

automotive, ship building, and architectural design.

What does a computer aided design (CAD) application allow engineers to do?

To inspect a design from any angle or position.

What are three things that can be represented in a computer-aided design (CAD) application?

Materials, dimensions, and tolerances This can all be represented in a way that when an engineer changes one value, all the other dependent values automatically change accordingly.

What are three examples of computer-aided design (CAD) applications?

Autodesk, AutoCAD, and Dassault Systèmes Solid Works.

What does graphic processing software allow a user to do?

To manipulate visual images on a computer.

How can a user edit an image with the use of tools?

They can select, move, crop, scale, erase, etc.

What are two examples of graphic processing software applications?

Adobe Photoshop and Corel Draw.

What do software applications installed on computer systems typically include?

A graphical user interface (GUI)

What does a graphical user interface (GUI) allow the user to do?

It allows the user to interact with software applications instead of just typing in commands

What are five components of a graphical user interface (GUI) ?

graphical icons, visual indicators, toolbars, menus, and dialogue boxes

What is the purpose of a graphical user interface (GUI) ?

Allows the interaction between the user and the software application to be performed more smoothly through direct manipulation of the graphical elemet

What are command line interfaces (CLIs)

commands that had to be typed in to interact with the software application.

What are the three advantages of command-line interfaces (CLIs)?

1. Easier to implement by a programmer
2. Requires less memory to run
3. can be run on a computer systems without a graphical monitor

What are is the disadvantages of command-line interfaces (CLIs)?

Users need to remember specific commands (hard for new users to use)

What are three advantages of graphical user interfaces (GUIs)?

1. Users do not need to remember specific commands (easier for new users to use).
2. Users use icons to remember commands.
3. commands are grouped into menus and toolbars.

What are three disadvantages of graphical user interfaces (GUIs)?

1. more complex to implement by a programmer
2. Requires more memory
3. Requires a graphical monitor and a pointing device

What is a toolbar?

is a GUI element on which buttons, icons, menus, or other input/output elements are placed.

What is a menu?

Is a GUI element that displays a list of commands that can be chosen by the user to perform various functions (creating, opening, closing and saving a file)

What is a dialogue box?

Is a GUI element that is used to communicate information to the user and allow them to respond by choosing an option from a list of specific choices. (An example of a dialogue box that notifies the user that the file that is about to be closed is unsaved and allows the user to select from a list of possible events)

Which acronym is used to describe GUIs?

WIMP
Windows
Icons
Menus
Pointers

What provides common GUI elements (menus, toolbox, etc,) and what does the programmer need to do to use them?

They are provided by the operating system and the programmer simply has to state their existence.

What are the advantages of the operating system providing some common elements of GUI.

It saves the programmer time and improves usability for the users
minimizes the possibility of confusion and provides a smoother learning curve for each new software application. (For example, the steps for creating a new document, saving or closing it is the same in almost all programs: under the file menu on the upper left corner of the application toolbar.)

What is a binary digit?

is the basic unit of information in computer systems?

How many values can a binary digit have?

either one or zero

How many bits make up a byte?

8 bits \= 1 byte

What letter is a bit denoted by?

small letter b

What letter is a byte denoted by?

Capital letter B

How many characters can one byte store?

a single character (ex. the letter "A"))

What is a variable?

it acts as a storage location that can be used to store a value.

What is used to refer to the stored value in a variable?

an identifier (a name )

What can an array hold?

It can hold multiple data elements of the same data type.

What must an array have ?

a name, a fixed size, and a data type.

What is a one-dimensional array?

A type of linear array.

How is the lower bound of an array defined?

It is defined starting with the number 0

How do you declare an array in Pseudocode?

A \= new array ()
A \= [numbers]

How to do a loop in Pseudocode?

loop x from number to number
end loop

How to access an arrays index in Pseudocode?

nameOfArray[index]

When are parallel arrays useful?

When a programmer wants to store different properties of an entity (fields of a record),

What problem do parallel arrays solve?

It allows the programmer to store different data types of an entity, as in an array, all elements should be of the same data type.

It is very important when using parallel arrays to always access each array at the 1\______ index when storing or retrieving values. This process guarantees the reference of 2\___________ data elements.

1.same
2. corresponding

What does a data flow diagram usually to describe?

It may be used to describe the problem to be solved (analysis).

What does a data flow diagram usually show?

It shows how data moves through a system and the data stores that the system uses.

What do data flow diagram not specify?

The type of data/data storage

What is the symbol for a process (an operation performed on the data) in a data flow diagram?

a box with round edges

What is the symbol that represents data flow?

An arrow with its action above

What is the symbol that represents a data store?

a rectangle without one side

What is the symbol that represents an external entity?

a rectangle

What do structure charts describe?

It describes the functions and sub-functions of a system, as well as the relationship between modules of a computer program.

What do structure charts allow the analyst to do?

to split a large problem into smaller ones.

What does each module and layer perform?

Each module performs a specific function, and each layer in a program preform specific activities

What is a modular design?

is the process of designing system modules individually and then combining the modules to form a solution to an overall problem.

What is top-down design/"stepwise refinement"?

is a software design and problem-solving technique that involves the partition of a problem into smaller sub-problems. Each sub-problem is further broken down until all sub-problems are detailed enough and no more partition is required.

What is pseudocode?

It is an artificial language that is not directly related to any particular hardware and is used to describe algorithms.

What is a module?

is a complete and independent part of a program or an algorithm.

What is modular programming/"modularity"?

This is the method of partitioning a computer program into separate sub-programs.

What is the advantage of modular programming/"modularity"?

Each sub-program can be easily modified and maintained without the necessity to alter other sub-programs of the program.

What is modular language?

A language that supports modular programming.

What is a prototype?

It is either a working or non-working preliminary version of the final product or a simple version of the final system that is used as part of the design phase to demonstrate how the final product will work.

What are the three advantages of creating a prototype?

Gives an idea of the final product,
increases system development speed, and it encourages active participation between users and developers.

What does iteration refer to?

It refers to the repetition of a set of instructions for a specific number of times or until the operations yield the desired result.

What does iterative development of software involve?

It involves steady improvement of the design based on various evaluation and testing methods

Why is iterative development of software important?

Its importance is that to make sure everything works as it should, the producer may have to run through the process again and again

What must the design of a system include for it to be successful?

The analysis and the design must involve all key stakeholders, including the client and the end users.

What does "accessibility" refer to?

Refers to the potential of a service, product, device or environment to serve and meet the needs of many people.

What does a system with low accessibility present to specific groups of people?

barriers

What is accessibility studied in parallel to?

disabled people and the use of various assistive technologies

What does usability refer to?

refers to the potential of a product, application, or website to accomplish user goals.

What does usability relate to?

relates to effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use.

What does ergonomics or human engineering refer to?

Refers to the design of safe and comfortable products, systems, or processes, specifically for people.

How do students analyze the overall usability of a device?

using the eight quality components of usability

What are the eight quality components of usability?

Complexity/Simplicity
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Error
Learnability
Memorability
Readability/Comprehensibility
Satisfaction

Cami Safia
eats
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lovely
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Rodri Comicon
seats

Define impairment.

a loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function.

Define disability.

Any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of the ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being.

What are the input methods and devices for visual impairment, from blindness to colour vision deficiency?

Braille input devices are available. Most visually impaired people use touch-typing with standard keyboards.

What are the output methods and devices for visual impairment, from blindness to colour vision deficiency?

Speech output device can read the screen text (convert to text speech using speech synthesizers).
A braille display (allows braille characters to be displayed using pins)
For people with colour blindness, the ability to adjust the display's colour or change the background and foreground.

What are the input methods and devices for people with hearing and speech impairments?

they have no problems with commonly used devices?

What are the output methods and devices for people with hearing and speech impairments?

replace the sound signal with visual effects. Use of subtitles to replace audio speech track.

What are the input/output methods and devices for people with cognitive problems and learning disabilities?

Special software that provides active participation, multi-sensory experiences, strong interaction, positive reinforcement, personalized instruction, individualized instruction, and repetition can be useful in skill building.

What are the input methods and devices for people with mobility impairments, limited hand mobility, Parkinson disease?

1. specialized disk guides to assist in inserting and removing CDs, etc...
2. use a pointing device(mouth/head sticks) to press keys and control a personal computer.
3. left-handed and right-handed keyboards, If lost/have problems with one arm
trackballs/wearable computer interface to replace mouse and keyboard

What are the output methods and devices for people with mobility impairments, limited hand mobility, Parkinson disease?

There is no necessity for different output devices.

What do computer systems consist of?

they consist of hardware and software components

What do computer system follow the concept of?

They follow the concept of input, output, and storage model

Explain the input, process and output model?

1. A computer system accepts data or instructions as input from an input device
2. Data or instructions are then processed by the computer (some data apart from the input might be necessary during processing).
3. These exist in the storage and may be loaded and used.
4. The computer system outputs the processed data.
5. This output is also saved on the storage(memory).

Data/instructions that are processed by a computer system in the process phase of the input, process, output, and storage model are processed by \_________________

The central processing unit (CPU).

What is the central processing unit (CPU)?

Is a hardware component of a computer system and can perform basic arithmetic, logical, or input/output operations, in order to process data from input devices into useful information.

What is the only way that the CPU can process data?

By following instructions.

What is another name for the CPU?

processor or chip.

What does the CPU do in the process phase of the input, process, output, and storage model

It retrieves and saves data and information from and to the storage. (primary memory of computer system)

Where must data or information that is to be saved on or retrieved from a storage medium first pass through in order to be accessed by the CPU?

it first has to pass through the primary memory

Where can the CPU only retrieve data from.

Form the input or primary memory of the computer system.

What 4 elements does the CPU contain?

1.control unit (CU)
2. Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
3.Memory address register (MAR)
4.Memory Data Register (MDR)
CAMM

What is the control unit (CU) responsible for?

It responsible for the operation of the CPU.

What does the control unit (CU) control?

It controls the retrieval of instructions from the primary memory as well as the sequence of their execution. It contains various registers.

What does the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) do?

It performs all the basic arithmetic, logical, or input/output operations.

What is the CU responsible for providing to the ALU?

It is responsible for providing the data that needs to be processed as well as the instructions of how the data should be processed.

How many bits does each memory location in a computer hold?

64b

How much is a kilo in a computer system?

1024

How much is a mega in a computer system?

1024^2