Biology 2320 Lecture Exam 3

Section 3 of workbook, essentials of human anatomy. pages 78-135

Clavicle

Also known as the collarbone, connects to the sternum (breastbone) medially and the scapula (shoulder blade) laterally.

Coracoid Process

A bony projection on the scapula. Coracobrachialis muscle, the short head of the biceps brachii muscle, and the coracoclavicular ligament attach to the coracoid process

Acromion

deltoid muscle and the coracoacromial ligament attach to this

Humerus

Deltoid muscle: Attaches to the deltoid tuberosity on the lateral side of the humerus.

Biceps brachii muscle: Attaches to the radial tuberosity on the anterior side of the humerus.

Triceps brachii muscle: Attaches to the olecranon process on the posterior side of the humerus.

Brachialis muscle: Attaches to the coronoid process on the anterior side of the humerus.

Coracobrachialis muscle: Attaches to the coracoid process on the anterior side of the humerus.

Deltoid Origin

Clavicle, Acromion, Spine of Scapula

Deltoid Insertion

Deltoid Tuberosity on the Humerus

Pectoralis Major Origin

Lateral Sternum, Costal Cartilage 1-7, Medial Clavicle

Pectoralis Major Insertion

Intertubercular Groove

Pectoralis Minor Origin

Coracoid Process

Pectoralis Minor Insertion

Ribs 3-5

Body of Sternum

serves as a protective structure for vital organs such as the heart and lungs. It also provides attachment points for various muscles and ribs, aiding in the support and movement of the thoracic cage.

Coracobrachialis

muscle that originates from the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts into the middle of the medial border of the humerus. Its main function is to flex and adduct the arm at the shoulder joint.

Subclavius

muscle that originates from the first rib and inserts into the clavicle. Its main function is to stabilize and depress the clavicle during movements of the shoulder joint.

Origin

Proximal Attachment, Doesn’t Move

Insertion

Distal Attachment, Contraction

Spine of Scapula

supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles attach to the superior aspect of the spine, while the deltoid muscle attaches to the lateral side, the trapezius attaches to the spine of the scapula at its medial end

what attaches to the Acromion

Deltoid muscle, Trapezius muscle, Coracoacromial ligament, Acromioclavicular (AC) joint

Subscapularis

It is one of the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff. The main function of the subscapularis is to internally rotate the arm at the shoulder joint, stability, extension and adduction of the arm.

Supraspinatus

to assist in the abduction (raising) of the arm at the shoulder joint. It also helps stabilize the shoulder joint and prevent dislocation. originates from the supraspinous fossa. inserts onto the greater tubercle of the humerus. one of the muscles that make up the rotator cuff in the shoulder.

Infraspinatus

to externally rotate the arm and stabilize the shoulder joint. originates from the infraspinous fossa of the scapula. inserts onto the greater tubercle of the humerus.

Teres Minor

function is to assist in the rotation of the arm away from the body (external rotation) and to stabilize the shoulder joint. originates from the lateral border of the scapula, specifically from the upper two-thirds of the axillary border. inserts onto the greater tubercle of the humerus.

Teres Major

It assists in adduction, extension, and medial rotation of the humerus. originates from the inferior angle of the scapula. inserts onto the medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.

Coracoacromial Ligament

functions to stabilize the shoulder joint and prevent excessive superior translation of the humeral head. acts as a protective roof over the supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursa, and the long head of the biceps tendon.

Acromioclavicular Ligament

functions to stabilize and support the acromioclavicular joint. helps to prevent excessive movement and dislocation of the joint.

Tenden

connects muscle to bone

Ligament

connects bone to bone

Describe a separated shoulder injury

known as acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation, occurs when the ligaments that connect the clavicle to the acromion are torn due to trauma. This injury is commonly seen in contact sports or falls onto the shoulder.

Describe a dislocated shoulder injury

occurs when the humerus pops out of the glenoid fossa. This injury typically happens due to trauma or a strong force applied to the shoulder, such as a fall, sports collision, or motor vehicle accident.

Name the rotator cuff muscles, SSIT

Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor

Biceps Brachii Insertion

Radial Tuberosity

Long Head origin of Biceps brachii

Supraglenoid Tubercle of the Scapula

Short Head Origin of Biceps brachii

Coracoid Process

Brachialis origin

lower half of anterior humerus

Brachialis Insertion

ulnar tuberosity

Brachioradialis origin

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Brachioradialis insertion

Radial Styloid Process

Triceps Brachii insertion

olecranon process of ulna

Which of the elbow flexors is best at flexing when pronated

brachioradialis

Anconeus

assist the triceps in extending the forearm

triceps brachii long head origin

infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

triceps brachii lateral head origin

upper half of posterior humerus, posterior to radial groove

triceps brachii medical head origin

posterior medial humerus, inferior to radial groove

Deltoid Action

Flexion, Abduction, Extension of Shoulder

Deltoid Innervation

Axillary Nerve

Pectoralis Major action

adduction and internal rotation of the shoulder

Pectoralis Major innervation

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Pectoralis Minor action

depresses scapula, assists with breathing

Pectoralis Minor innervation

medial pectoral

Subscapularis action

internal rotation

Subscapularis innervation

upper and lower scapular nerve

Supraspinatus action

abduction

Supraspinatus innervation

suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus action

external rotation

Infraspinatus innervation

suprascapular nerve

Teres Minor Action

External rotation

Teres minor innervation

axillary nerve

Biceps brachii action

flexion and supination of elbow

biceps brachii innervation

musculocutaneous nerve

Coracobrachialis action

flexion, adduction, internal rotation

Coracobrachialis innervation

musculocutaneous nerve

Brachialis action

flexion of elbow

Brachialis innervation

musculocutaneous and radial nerves

Triceps brachii action

extension of elbow

Triceps brachii innervation

radial nerve

Brachioradialis action

Flexion of elbow

Brachioradialis

innervated by the radial nerve

Brachiocephalic Artery

only on the right side, branches off the aorta, supplies blood to the arm, neck, and head

Right common carotid artery

right common carotid artery arises from the brachiocephalic artery and supplies blood to the head and neck

Right subclavian artery

comes off the brachiocephalic artery, supplies blood to upper extremities and the right arm.

vertebral artery

branches off of the right subclavian artery, supplies blood to the brain

internal thoracic artery

internal thoracic artery is a major blood vessel that runs along the inner surface of the anterior chest wall on both sides of the body. It originates from the subclavian artery and descends vertically, giving off branches to supply the muscles and structures of the chest wall. It reaches the sixth or seventh intercostal space, where it gives rise to the anterior intercostal arteries. These arteries supply the muscles and skin of the anterior chest wall.

Axillary artery

originates from the subclavian artery at the outer border of the first rib and terminates when it becomes the brachial artery, sits in the armpit

Thoracoacromial artery

a branch of the axillary artery that supplies blood to the pectoral, shoulder, and acromial regions

Humeral circumflex artery

consists of two branches: the anterior humeral circumflex artery (AHCA) and the posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA)

Brachial artery

brachial artery is the major blood vessel in the upper arm, originates as the axillary artery and turns into the brachial artery just past the shoulder

Radial artery

originates from the brachial artery and runs along the lateral aspect of the forearm. It supplies blood to the forearm and hand. has several branches, including the radial recurrent artery, the palmar carpal branch, the superficial palmar branch, and the dorsal carpal branch. used to find the radial pulse.

Ulnar artery

gives off branches such as the anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries and the common interosseous artery

profunda brachii

feeds triceps

Common interosseus artery

interosseous artery is a branch of the ulnar artery that arises just below the tuberosity of the radius

posterior interosseus artery

it is a branch of the common interosseous artery

anterior interosseus artery

Artery that arises from the ulnar artery, runs between the ulna and radius, and supplies the deep muscles of the forearm.

deep palmar arch is formed primarily by

the radial artery

superficial palmar arch is formed primarily by

the ulnar artery

axilla means

armpit

Thoracic means

chest

Cephalic vein

runs from the hand to the shoulder along the outer edge of the biceps muscle, passing between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles

basilic vein

large superficial vein, it is commonly used for venous access, such as for intravenous therapy or blood draws.

median cubital vein

a superficial vein located in the anterior aspect of the elbow, specifically in the cubital fossa. It serves as a connecting link between the cephalic vein and the basilic vein. The median cubital vein is the most common vein used for blood draws.

which arteries accompany the superficial arm veins?

The arteries that accompany the superficial arm veins are the radial and ulnar arteries

Which of these superficial arm viens is best for drawing blood usually?

The most commonly used superficial arm vein for drawing blood is the median cubital vein

Cephalic Vein

thoracoacromial artery

Basilic Vein

Brachial Artery

Median Cubital Vein

Brachial Artery

Forarm Flexors

Wrist flexors, digit flexors

Dermatome

patch of skin

Musculocutaneous nerve #1

D, Coracobrachialis, Brachialis, Biceps brachii

Median Nerve #2

D, forearm flexors, except flexor capri ulnaris

Ulnar Nerve #3

D, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus

Radial Nerve #4

D, Forarm extensors, triceps brachii

Axillary Nerve #5

D, deltoid, teres minor