ARDMS Abdomen - 1

Preparation for Abdomen ARDMS Exam, DMS

bulls eye sign

Ultrasound appearance of gastroesophageal junction?

rugae

irregular folds in stomach formed by mucosa and submucosal

5 mm's

the undistended wall should not exceed how many mm's

haustrae

what are the large sacculations of the colon called?

thickened loops with no change with compression

slow graded transducer pressure is applied with evaluation of gi tract, what would these findings reveal?

target sign and pseudo kidney sign

what is the classic appearance of adenocarcinoma?

6mm

normal appendix has a target appearance and should not measure more than\---------------mm in diameter?

adhesions

what is most common cause of intestinal obstruction?

Increased activity

Evaluation of motor activity with obstruction will reveal?

Chronic

Is hashimoto's thryroiditis an acute or chronic condition?

calcium levels

the parathyroid glands secrete PTH which is responsible for maintaining what levels?

Papillary

what is most common type of thyroid cancer?

Increased PTH levels, hypophosphatemia and hypercalcemia

The lab values with parathyroid adenoma's will reveal what?

Longus coli muscle

what is the muscle located posterior to the thyroid and adjacent to the trachea?

External carotid artery

The superior thyroid artery branches off what artery?

Thyroid enlargement, protruding eyeballs

Two features of Grave's disease?

Multinodular Goiter

What is the most common type of thyroid abnormality?

Innominate artery

The right common carotid artery arises from which artery?

Adventitia

What is the outermost layer of the arterial wall called?

Systemic hypertension

What is most common cause of arterial dissection?

distal to stenosis

maximum turbulence is usually detected distal or proximal to stenosis?

hyperechoic, hypoechoic, and free floating in vessel

Characteristics of acute venous thrombosis?

tendon

Fibrous cord that attaches muscle to bone is what?

Enhancement

An artifact that occurs when sound strikes a curved or cylindrical structure at less than 90 degrees is referred to as what?

Perimysium

A group of muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue layer called?

Capillaries and nerves

The endomysium consists of a network of?

Superior to the bladder in the lower abdomen

The usual location for a urachal cyst is where?

Popliteal Space

Where would a bakers cyst be located?

Anechoic mass with good through transmission

What is the most sonographic appearance of an acute hematoma?

Lymphoma

Multiple lobulated masses located around the porta hepatis, celiac trunk or SMA would most likely represent what?

Fusiform

What is most common type of abdominal aortic aneurysm?

Saccular

Type of abdominial aneurysm that has outpouching which is usually the result of trauma or infection is?

Pseudoaneurysm

The patient has a mass located in the groin region adjacent to the artery, which has mixed echogenicity and visable swirling blood, the most likely diagnosis would be what?

Cancer of the GI tract and ovarian cancer

The most common source of metastatic disease to the peritoneum and mesentery is from?

Trauma and catheterization

What is the most common cause of pseudoaneurysm?

Dermoid

What is the most common benign mesenteric neoplasm?

50%

The one year mortality rate for a 6 cm abdominal aortic aneurysm is about?

Exudative ascites

Peritoneal fluid collection due to an inflammatory or malignant process, which exhibits fine or coarse internal echoes is referred to as?

Fine needle aspiration

Type of biopsy that uses a capillary action technique is?

Subcostal

Core biopsy of the liver is best performed from which approach?

Lower pole in prone position

Renal biopsies are obtained from which pole of the kidney?

Upright

Thoracentesis is best performed with the patient in what position?

Matching layer

The material located in front of the transducer that helps to improve sound transmission by reducing ultrasound reflection at the surface is called what?

Decrease pulse duration, decrease SPL, improve axial resolution

Purpose of Damping material?

one quarter of a wavelength

The optimal matching layer thickness is?

bandwidth

Range of frequencies present in a pulse is called?

mechanical

What is the type of transducer that has single or multiple moving elements is called?

Linear switched and linear sequenced array

Another name for a linear array transducer is?

Linear arrays

Transducers that have multiple elements that are pulsed with slight time delays are called?

Annular array

Type of transducer that has concentric elements is?

Sliced thickness

An artifact that appears as echoes filling a fluid filled structure or vessel is?

Clean shadows

Shadowing produced from calcific structures are referred to as?

Side lobe occur with single element transducers and grating lobes occur with multiple element transducers.

What is the key difference between side lobe artifacts and grating lobe artifacts?

9-12 cm

What does the normal adult kidney measure?

True capsule

What is the fibrous capsule surrounding the kidney referred to as?

Columns of Bertin

The cortical tissue extending into the space between adjacent pyramids appearing as a hypoechoic mass area is?

Cortex

What is outer portion of kidney referred to as?

Nephron

Structural and functional unit of kidney?

5 mm or less

The renal cortex is considered abnormal if measures what mm?

Dromedary Hump

Normal renal anatomical variant which has a bulging appearance to the contour of the kidney is referred to as a?

Angiomyolipoma or renal hematoma

A renal mass composed of fat, blood vessels and smooth muscle tissue is called?

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Mr M is a 60 y/o man at the u/s dept with hematuria, pain and palpable mass, the u/s reveals a primarily solid renal mass with areas of cystic degeneration. Scattered calcifications were also present, what would the most likely diagnosis be?

Nephroblastoma

What is a Wilm's tumor also know as?

Increased

End stage renal disease wil reveal \____________ echogenicity of the renal cortex

High resistance characteristics

Doppler evaluation of a pt with renal parenchymal disease will reveal what?

Ureter and bladder

What is the most common site of obstruction by kidney stones?

Iliac fossa

What is the normal location of the renal transplant?

hydronephrosis, fluid collections around kidney, abnormal renal size and ATN

Sonographic signs of renal transplant rejection would include?

Lymphocele

Mr B was referred to the U/S dept several mths after and renal transplant and the U/S exam revealed a lg fluid collection with internal echoes arising medial to the lower pole of the kidney, what is the most likely diagnosis?

200cm/sec

A significant renal artery stenosis would be considered in a renal transplant pt when the peak systolic velocity exceeds?

Supernumery kidney

A completed duplication of the kidney and ureter is referred to as?

Horseshoe Kidney

Fusion of the upper or lower poles of the kidney during fetal development is called?

Ligamentum Venosum and left portal vein

The dividing landmarks for the left lobe and caudate lobe are the ??

PHA, MPV, and CBD

What structures are located within the Portal Triad?

Cystic and Common Hepatic ducts

The CBD is formed by the confluence what two ducts?

Right Hepatic vein

The right lobe of the liver is divided into anterior and posterior segments by the ?

AST, ALT, and Alkaline phosphatase

What lab values will increase with Hepatocellular adn obstructive diseases?

Caput Madusal Sign

Distended collateral veins visualized on the abdominal wall have been referred to as the what?

Schistosomiasis

A condition where the worm punctures the skin and migrates into the general circulation via the lymphatics or venous system is??

cavernmatous Transformation

Portal vein occlusion that occurs in infancy or the neonatal period will demonstrate a collection of collateral vessels in the region of the porta hepatis, this is referred to as?

Thick walled cysts, hepatomegaly, calcification of cyst walls and possible thrombosis and infarction of blood vessels

Sonographic characteristics seen with hydatid disease?

Liver cell adenoma

Solitary hypoechoic to hyperechoic benign liver mass frequently seen in women taking oral contraceptives is referred to as?

Hepatic artery thrombosis, and PV thrombosis

Most common post-op liver transplant complications?

Liver metastasis

Multiple target lesions found withing the liver would most likely represent?

Hepatoma

A positive fetal antigen is found in over 50% of patients who have?

Varicocle

Enlargement of veins of the spermatic cord commonly found on the left side in males less than 25 y/o is what?

Tunica albuginea

The dense fibrous capsule surrounding the testicles is referred to as the ?

Hydrocele

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid between the layers of the tunica vaginales which results in painless scrotal swelling is referred to as?

Epididiymitis

The most frequent cause of an acute scrotum in the post puberty male is?

Enlarged testicle, Normal testicle echogenicity, decrease flow in testicle and epididymis.

U/S findings of testicular torsion 4 to 6 hours after torsion occurs will reveal?

Vas Deferens

What structure carries the sperm from each testis to the prostatic urethra?

Less than 3 mm

What is the average size of testicular microlithiasis?

Diferential

What artery provides the primary blood supply to the epididymis?

Main lobar fissure and right portal vein

The two anatomical landmarks for the GB location are?

3 mm

The normal distended GB should not exceed?

Phrygian cap

A fold in the GB toward the fundus is referred to as?

Spiral valves of heister

A shadowing effect may be seen arising from the cystic duct region, what is the sources of the shadow?

The cystic duct and common hepatic duct

Common bile duct is formed by the confluence of?

\>3mm

Gallstones will produce a shadow when what size?

Inspissated bile

Sludge is also known as?