Pelvic viscera

lecture and lab pdfs

Perineum

The ____ is the portion of the body wall that covers the pelvic outlet and surrounds the terminal segments of the digestive and urogenital tracts.

The dorsal part of the perineum is the _____.

Pelvic diaphragm

The perineal body is the fibromuscular portion of the perineum located between the anus and the ____ in the female, and the ____ in the male.

commissure of the vulva; bulb of the penis

The _______ is the area between the tail and the scrotum in the male and the caudal extent of the mammary glands in the female.

perineal region

The perineal region is the area between the tail and the ______ in the male and the caudal extent of the mammary glands in the female.

scrotum

The perineal region is the area between the tail and the scrotum in the male and the ______ in the female.

caudal extent of the mammary glands

What makes up the pelvic diaphragm?

* coccygeus m.
* levator ani m.

(True/false) The levator ani m. is the lateral muscle of the pelvic diaghragm.

False

Coccygeus m. is the (lateral/medial) muscle of the pelvic diaphragm.

Lateral

The external anal sphincter is (striated/smooth) subcutaneous muscle that surrounds the anus.

striated

The internal anal sphincter is (striated/smooth) muscle that lies deep to anal sacs.

smooth

The ______ is a continuation of the smooth muscle in the rectum that inserts on the 5th/6th caudal vertebrae.

rectococcygeus m.

The rectococcygeus m. is a continuation of the smooth muscle in the ______ that inserts on the 5th/6th caudal vertebrae.

rectum

The rectococcygeus m. is a continuation of the smooth muscle in the rectum that inserts on the _____ caudal vertebrae.

5th/6th 

(True/false) The rectococcygeus m. helps to stabilize the anal canal during defecation.

True

The terminal portion of the alimentary canal is the ____.

anal canal

Which of the following is not a zone of the anal canal?

* Columnar zone
* Anocutaneous line
* intermediate zone
* subcutaneous zone
* cutaneous zone

subcutaneous zone

The _____ zone contains longitudinal ridges that interdigitate to help maintain fecal continence.

columnar

The _____, aka the _______, is situated between the columnar and cutaneous zones and delineates the mucosal lining from the skin

anocutaneous line; intermediate zone

The cutaneous zone has ____ and _____ that ring the anus.

fine hairs; circumanal glands

Anal sacs are also known as _____.

paranal sinuses

They are located __*______*___ to the external anal sphincter and ___ to the internal anal glands.

Deep; superficial

What type of secretion comes out of the modified sweat glands that are anal glands?

sebaceous

Anal glands are expressed during the (early/mid/late) stages of defecation.

late

The ducts that drain the sinuses open onto the ______ aspect of the cutaneous zone of the anal canal, near the anocutaneous line.

lateral

The ducts that drain the sinuses open onto the lateral aspect of the _______ of the anal canal, near the anocutaneous line.

cutaneous zone

The ducts that drain the sinuses open onto the lateral aspect of the cutaneous zone of the anal canal, near the _____.

anocutaneous line

The structures that travel through the inguinal canal in both sexes are the external pudendal artery, external pudendal vein, and the _______.

genitofemoral nerve

The structures that travel through the inguinal canal in both sexes are the external pudendal artery, ________, and the genitofemoral nerve.

external pudendal vein

The structures that travel through the inguinal canal in both sexes are the _______, external pudendal vein, and the genitofemoral nerve.

external pudendal artery

In the male, the spermatic cord surrounded by the _____, travels through the inguinal canal.

vaginal tunic

The ____ courses within the spermatic fascia covering the vaginal tunic.

Cremaster muscle

In the female, the ____ and the _____ travel through the inguinal canal.

vaginal process; round ligament of the uterus

_______ lie in the inguinal region near the superficial inguinal ring. IN the male, they are found along the dorsolateral border of the penis.

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

An indistinct slit in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle is identified as the _____.

superficial inguinal ring.

The _____ arises from the ventral branches of L3-L4 spinal nerves and runs caudally within the abdominal cavity.

genitofemoral nerve

The genitofemoral nerve arises from the ventral branches of _____ spinal nerves and runs caudally within the abdominal cavity.

L3-L4 

The genitofemoral nerve arises from the ventral branches of L3-L4 spinal nerves and runs ______ within the abdominal cavity.

caudally

The genitofemoral nerve arises from the ventral branches of L3-L4 spinal nerves and runs caudally within the ______ .

abdominal cavity

Passes near the _____ → crosses the medial aspect of the external iliac artery → travels through the superficial inguinal ring with the external pudendal artery and vein.

caudal vena cava and aorta

Passes near the caudal vena cava and aorta → crosses the medial aspect of the _______ → travels through the superficial inguinal ring with the external pudendal artery and vein.

external iliac artery

Passes near the caudal vena cava and aorta → crosses the medial aspect of the external iliac artery → travels through the ______ with the external pudendal artery and vein.

superficial inguinal ring

Passes near the caudal vena cava and aorta → crosses the medial aspect of the external iliac artery → travels through the superficial inguinal ring with the ______ .

external pudendal artery and vein

_____ provides cutaneous innervation to the proximal aspect of the medial thigh and the inguinal region; and somatic motor innervation to the cremaster muscle in the male.

Genitofemoral nerve

Genitofemoral nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the proximal aspect of the ____ and the ____ ; and somatic motor innervation to the cremaster muscle in the male.

medial thigh; inguinal region

Genitofemoral nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the proximal aspect of the medial thigh and the inguinal region; and somatic motor innervation to the ______ in the male.

cremaster muscle

Genitofemoral nerve provides _____ innervation to the proximal aspect of the medial thigh and the inguinal region; and _____ innervation to the cremaster muscle in the male.

cutaneous; somatic motor

The ___ is a peritoneal pouch that extends through the inguinal canal and ends in the inguinal region in the female dog.

vaginal process

What two things are found in the vaginal process?

round ligament of the uterus and fat

______ are typically arranged bilaterally, extending from thoracic to inguinal regions.

Mammary glands

(True/False) The teats indicate the position of the glands in the male and non-lactating female and vary in number from 8-12.

True

The mammae are supplied and drained by the cranial and caudal _________ arteries and veins.

superficial epigastric

From where does the external pudendal artery arise?

pudendoepigastric trunk

External pudendal artery runs _____ before arcing cranially near the superficial lymph node. At this level the caudal superficial epigastric artery branches cranially to anastomose with the cranial superficial epigastric artery.

caudoventrally

External pudendal artery runs caudoventrally before arcing cranially near the ______. At this level the caudal superficial epigastric artery branches cranially to anastomose with the cranial superficial epigastric artery.

superficial lymph node

External pudendal artery runs caudoventrally before arcing cranially near the superficial lymph node. At this level the _____ branches cranially to anastomose with the cranial superficial epigastric artery.

caudal superficial epigastric artery

External pudendal artery runs caudoventrally before arcing cranially near the superficial lymph node. At this level the caudal superficial epigastric artery branches cranially to anastomose with the ______ .

cranial superficial epigastric artery

When does the descending colon become the rectum?

upon reaching the pelvic inlet

Which of the following is not an identified reflection?

* Peritoneal pouch
* pubovesical pouch
* vesicogenital pouch
* rectogenital pouch
* pararectal fossa

peritoneal pouch

Ligaments of the urinary bladders are made of what?

double layers of peritoneum

The median ligament of the bladder is the (largest/smallest) urinary bladder ligament.

largest

Where does the median ligament of the urinary bladder run?

between the ventral aspect of the urinary bladder and the linea alba

In the ___, the free edge of the median ligament of the bladder contains the urachus (stalk of allantois) and the umbilical arteries.

fetus

In the fetus, the free edge of the median ligament of the bladder contains the ______ and the umbilical arteries.

urachus (stalk of allantois)

In the fetus, the free edge of the median ligament of the bladder contains the urachus (stalk of allantois) and the _______.

umbilical arteries

The lateral ligaments of the bladder connect to the lateral (duh) surfaces of the urinary bladder to the lateral ____.

pelvic walls

The round ligaments of the bladder are remnants of what fetal structure?

umbilical arteries

Lateral ligaments of the urinary bladder contains which of the following?

* ureters
* round ligaments of the bladder
* urinary artery
* none of the above

ureters and round ligaments

In the female dog, the lateral ligaments blend with the ____. In the male dog, the ____ cross over the lateral ligaments as they extend to the urethra.

broad ligaments of the uterus; deferents ducts

_____ carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, and the ______ carry the urine from the urinary bladder to the pelvic symphysis.

Ureter; urethra

The bladder has 3 parts: the ____ is located cranially, the body is in the middle, and the neck is located caudally.

apex

The bladder has 3 parts: the apex is located cranially, the ____ is in the middle, and the neck is located caudally.

body

The bladder has 3 parts: the apex is located cranially, the body is in the middle, and the _____ is located caudally.

neck

The ____ muscle is striated muscle that surrounds the pelvic urethra and forms the external urethral sphincter.

Urethralis

Urethralis m. is innervated by ______.

Pudendal nerve

The urethralis muscle is striated muscle that surrounds the ______ and forms the external urethral sphincter.

pelvic urethra

The urethralis muscle is striated muscle that surrounds the pelvic urethra and forms the ______.

external urethral sphincter

Blood is supplied to the ureters via what arteries?

ureteral branch of the prostatic/vaginal artery

What ALWAYS supplies blood to the bladder?

caudal vesical artery from the vaginal/prostatic arteries

What supplies blood to the bladder when present?

cranial vesical artery from the umbilical artery

____ innervation to the bladder is provided by pelvic nerves and ______ innervation is provided by hypogastric nerves.

Parasympathetic; sympathetic

Parasympathetic innervation to the bladder is provided by _____ nerves and sympathetic innervation is provided by _______ nerves.

pelvic; hypogastric

The openings of the ureters are located on which surface of the bladder wall?

* ventral
* dorsal
* lateral

dorsal

List the borders of the trigone of the urinary bladder.

* ureteral openings
* internal urethral orifice

The trigone of the urinary bladder (does not contain ruggae, but instead has poorly developed ridged that converge to form the _______.

Urethral crest

The ____ is the only-well developed accessory gland in the male dog.

prostate

The prostate (partially/completely) envelops the pelvic urethra.

completely

What binds the prostate dorsally and ventrally, respectively?

rectum; pelvic symphysis and abdominal wall

The prostate empties its contents into the _____ via numerous ducts located through the gland.

urethra

Many prostatic openings are found on either side of what structure?

Urethral Crest

The _____ enter the prostate on its craniodorsal surface and course caudoventrally to empty at the colliculus seminalis.

deferent ducts

The deferent ducts enter the prostate on its _____ surface and course caudoventrally to empty at the colliculus seminalis.

craniodorsal 

The deferent ducts enter the prostate on its craniodorsal surface and course ______ to empty at the colliculus seminalis.

caudoventrally

The deferent ducts enter the prostate on its craniodorsal surface and course caudoventrally to empty at the _______, a round hillock on the urethral crest .

colliculus seminalis

You will never guess what supplies the prostate.

Prostatic artery (woooooow)

Medial drainage from the pelvic viscera involves which three lymph nodes?

medial iliac, hypogastric, and sacral

Which lymph nodes are located between the deep circumflex iliac arteries?

medial iliac lymph nodes

Which lymph nodes are located near the internal iliac arteries and median sacral artery?

hypogastric lymph and sacral lymph nodes

Another name for the hypogastric lymph nodes is?

Internal iliac lymph nodes

What do the medial iliac lymph nodes drain into?

Cisterna chyli