city study guide

This canal is important because it saves ships from going all the way around Africa and it connects the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.

Suez Canal

Israel went to war with the backing of Great Britain and France when this country nationalized the Suez Canal.

Egypt

A movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine after Jews were persecuted in Europe.

Zionism

War in which Israel wins the territories of the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula (from Egypt) and the Golan Heights (from Syria)

War of 1947

A group led by Yasser Arafat to regain the land of Israel for Palestinian Arabs.

PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization)

Peace agreement in which Israel agreed to return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt in return of Egypt's recognition of Israel's right to exist and a guarantee of peace.

Camp David Accords

President of Egypt who signed Camp David Accords, later assassinated by Arab extremists because he agreed to recognize Israel.

Anwar Sadat

Breaking into parts; the act of dividing or separating; example: the separation of land by the creation of boundaries that divide the land into different political parts.

partition

The Jewish homeland that was in the Torah

Israel

Religious city that is important to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Jerusalem

The Ancient Kingdom of Israel was created by King \_____.

David

King \_______ built the First Temple. The only remaining wall is the West Wall of the Wailing Wall.

Solomon

The Jewish Diaspora occurred after the \______ forced the Jewish people to leave Israel and renamed the region Syria Palestina.

Romans

According to the \_________________ the British agreed to create a Jewish state in Palestine.

Balfour Agreement

Which statement best expresses the key issue in the continuing dispute between Israelis and Arabs?

Both sides have historic claims to the same land.

The movement started by journalist Theodor Herzl to promote an independent Jewish state in Palestine is referred to as \_______.

Zionism

As of 2023, the Palestinians control the areas of \__________ and \_____________.

West Bank and Gaza Strip

The \_____ is the day when over 900,000 Palestinians were forced to leave the area of Palestine/Israel.

Nakba

Over 6 million Jewish people were murdered during World War 2 during the \__________.

Holocaust

\__________________________________________ and \___________________________ at the Camp David Accords.

Israel was recognized by Egypt, the Sinai Peninsula was returned

David Ben Gurion

First President of Israel

Yasser Arafat

A terrorist/freedom fighter who founded Fatah and led peace agreements (that's what the test said but also PLO Leader)

Mahmoud Abbas

The current political leader of Fatah

Anwar Sadat

Egyptian leader who recognized Israel and was assassinated

Menachem Begin

Israeli leader who negotiated the return of the Sinai peninsula to Egypt

Yitzhak Rabin

Israeli leader who was part of Oslo Peace Plan and was assassinated

Ariel Sharon

Israeli leader who removed Jewish settlements from Gaza Strip

Bill Clinton

American president who negotiated the Oslo Peace Plan

Jimmy Carter

American president who negotiated the Camp David Accords

Bashir Khairi

A Palestinian lawyer who believed in the Right of Return

Dalia Eshkenazi Landau

A Bulgarian-Jewish lawyer who wants to have conversations between Israelis and Palestinians

Which is NOT one of the three major religions that begin in the Middle East?

Buddhism

(Christianity) Christians believe that Jesus of Nazareth was the Jewish messiah or the \_____________.

savior of the world

(Islam) What is the holy place where followers of Islam worship?

mosque

Muslim Holidays include \__________.

Eid al Adha

(Judaism) The Hebrew name for their only God used in the Bible is \_______ and because they only worship one God, they are considered \_______.

Yahweh, monotheistic

(Christianity) Followers of Christianity read the Holy Bible, which included the New Testament and Hebrew Bible, known as \____________.

The Old Testament

(Islam) Muslims follow the teachings of Muhammad the prophet. What is a prophet?

messenger of God

(Judaism) Judaism is practiced by Jews, who in ancient times were called \__________.

Hebrews

(Islam) Islam is primarily practiced in the following regions except \______________.

South America

(Judaism) Judaism originated in which region?

The Middle East

Jerusalem is considered a holy city by \____________.

All of the above (Jews, Christians, and Muslims)

The hajj is a pilgrimage to \______.

Mecca

The \___________ spread Islam throughout Asia.

Arabs and Turks

According to Judaism, \__________ made a covenant or agreement with God.

Abraham

Islam began in the city of \______________ in the current country of \_________________.

Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Christianity is divided into three sections: \______________________.

Eastern Orthodox, Protestant, Roman Catholic

A major religious holiday in the Jewish region is \________________.

Yom Kippur

"Ancient Romans allowed citizens and non-citizens living within their borders to practice their religions because they felt it was easier to rule someone who was able to keep their belief sustem than someone who was forced to change. The only exception would come when Roman officials began to believe that Christianity was causing political problems. But even with Christianity, the Romans placed limits on where and when Christians could meet." What does the word Christians mean in the text?

Those who follow Christianity

"Three major religions disagree on Jesus' role on this earth. Christians worship him as the messiah that Jewish people have been waiting for. Muslims believed Jesus was a prophet, but not the Son of God as he claimed, and instead followed Muhammad's teachings. The Jews doubt the validity of Jesus or Muhammad, still awaiting their savior." What does the word validity mean in the text?

Value of something

This wall in the photograph is an important place for which religion? (Wailing Wall)

Judaism

This gold dome in this photograph is an important place for which religion?(Dome of the Rock)

Islam

The location of this photograph is \_____________.

Jerusalem

Vika

One of the enchanters that compete in the Crown's Game
Perceived a wild child but grew from that to a master of her craft
Loves Nikolai as well

Nikolai

One of the enchanters that compete in the Crown's Game
Was an orphan from the Kazakh steppe
Loves Vika

Pasha

Czarevich but doesn't live up to his royal duties
Nikolai's best friend
Also loves Vika

Ludmila

Runs the Cinderella Bakery
Vika's mother figure

Sergei

Russian baron who is Vika's adoptive father who treats her lovingly
Galina's brother
Magic mentor to Vika

Galina

Nikolai's guardian who treats him harshly
Sergei's sister
Magic mentor to Nikolai

Renata

one of the servants in Galina's home
Reads tea leaves
Nikolai's confidant (he talks to her whenever he is sad)

Heavy military losses in World War I, food and fuel shortages, and opposition to the czar led to the \___________________.

Russian Revolution

Which leader based his rule on the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles?

Vladimir Lenin

"...The replacement of the bourgeois by the proletarian state is impossible without a violent revolution. The abolition of the proletarian state, i.e., of all states, is only possible through 'withering away.'..." -V. I. Lenin, State and Revolution, 1917. This quotation is associated with the principles of \______________.

communism

Lenin's promise of "Peace, Land, Bread" during the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 was made in an effort to \______________.

gain popular support to overthrow the government

"...The organizations of the revolutionaries must consist first, foremost, and mainly of people who make revolutionary activity their profession. ....Such an organization must of necessity be not too extensive and as secret as possible..." -V. I. Lenin, 1917. This quotation refers to Lenin's plan to \__________________________.

overthrow the Russian Government

Czar \____________ freed the serfs.

Alexander the Second

The river that flows through St. Petersburg is \_________________.

Neva

The main religion of Russia is \_________________.

Russian Orthodox Church

Most Russians are part of the \______________ ethnic group.

Slavic

Czar Russia was founded by \__________ after he defeated the Mongols.

Ivan the Terrible

Russia was first united and began in \___________.

Kiev

In Crown's Game, Nikolai was born on the \__________, which are grassland plains.

steppe

A \________ is a peasant who is not free and is required to work for the lord of the manor.

serf

Brown v. Board of Education

the court case that decided that public schools could no longer separate white and African Americans.

Twenty-fourth Amendment

it banned the poll tax, which keeps poor African Americans fro voting

Sit-ins

a protest used during the civil rights movement

Jackie Robinson

the first African American to play major league baseball

Birmingham

the town that Dr. King wrote a famous letter in jail

Thurgood Marshall

one of the lawyers during the Brown v. Board of Education; became Supreme Court Justice

Malcolm X

most well known African American radical

Boynton v. Virginia

ruled that segregating on interstate buses and in waiting rooms was illegal

Rosa Parks

refused to give up her seat on a bus on December 1, 1955

Voting Rights Act

it banned literacy tests and empowered the federal government to oversee voting registrations and elections

Segregation was a requirement in all of these states EXCEPT

Pennsylvania

This court case ruled that segregation was constitutional as long as the facilities for black and whites were "separate but equal."

Plessy v. Ferguson

All of these inspired Dr. King's philosophy of nonviolence EXCEPT

philosophy of Johan Galtung

In the spring of 1961 they staged a "freedom ride" through the Deep South.

CORE

The March on Washington took place on \_______________.

August 28, 1963

On March 7, 1965, known as "Bloody Sunday," protests climaxed in a series of confrontations on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in \____________.

Selma, Alabama

Malcolm X was a part of what religious sect?

Nation of Islam

Dr King was shot on \_____________.

April 4, 1968

What are Theseus and Hippolyta discussing at the beginning of the play?

Their wedding

How does Hippolyta come to be betrothed to Theseus?

He conquered her people and took her as a prisoner

Why is Egeus disturbed?

His daughter is disobeying him

Egeus wants Hermia to marry \_____________.

Demetrius

Which of the following is NOT an option given to Hermia by Theseus?

Marry Lysander in secret

To what do Lysander and Hermia agree?

To run away and get married in secret

Who are the Mechanicals?

A group of tradesmen who want to be actors

In which year was William Shakespeare born?

1564

In which town or city in England was Shakespeare born?

Stratford-upon-Avon