World Cultures Chapter 3

Islam

monotheistic religion that emerged in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century

Hijrah

journey of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina- 622

Caliph

"a successor of Muhammad", Islamic religious leader

Sultan

"holder of power", Turkish political leader

Astrolabe

an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the positions of the stars

Mosque

a Muslim place of worship

Muhammad

founder of Islam, from Mecca, Arabia

Abu Bakr

Muhammad's father in law, first caliph

Ibn Siba

Islamic Scholar, known for his medical encyclopedia

savanna

broad grasslands

bantu

family of languages of Africa that spread as people migrate

lineage group

extended family units that are the basis for African society

King Enzana

king of Axum, first Christian king of Africa

Sundiata Keita

founder of Mali

Mansa Musa

richest man in history, Muslim ruler from Mali, ruled Mali at the height of their power

Sunni Ali

Songhai founder

Muhammad Ture

king of Songhai at the height of their power

khanate

territory run by one of the descendents of Genghis Khan

Samuari

warriors that emerged in Japan in the Heian Period

Bushido

the warrior code of the Samurai

Shogun

powerful military leader in Japan

Daimyo

heads of noble families that controlled landed estates

Shinto

beliefs that evolved into a state religion in Jpan

Archipelago

string of islands, (Japan or Phillipines)

Genghis Khan

unified the Mongols and became their first great leader

Kublai Khan

Mongol ruler of China - Yuan Dynasty

Li Bo

most famous Chinese poet

Shotoku Taishi

tried to unify the Japanese clans to try to form a centralized government

Timur Lenk

Mongol ruler in Northern India

Quran

religion for Islam; same as the Christ bible; contains rules for Muslim people

Makkah/Mecca

Birthplace of Muhammad, Holy City of Islam

Ishmael

Abraham's son, his descendants become the Arab people

Axum

Christian kingdom, King Enzana, East Africa

Mali

West Africa Trading Kingdom, best known for founder Sundieta Kieta and Mansa Musa, richest man ever

Muhammad Ture

King of Songhai at height of its power; continued Sunni's expansion and an empire that stretched 1000 mi. along Niger

Madinah

"city of the prophet"; place where Muhammad took power

Yuan Dynasty

founded by Kublai Khan in China and defeated the Song Dynasty

Ibn Rushd

Islamic philosopher- wrote about Aristotle's works

Hajj

personal pilgrimage to Mecca

Zimbabwe

Southern Africa Civilization - power from gold

Kami

Japanese nature spirits

Muhammad

prophet not divine; founder of Islam

Abraham

prophet of 3 religions - father of Ismael

Benin

African civilization - known for bronze work like statues

Berbers

defeated by Mu'awiyah in North Africa; nomadic tribe; used camels

Harun al-Rashid

Abbaysid rule during the "golden age of the Abbaysid Dynasty"; Best known caliphs

Ming Dynasty

took back China from the Yuan, known for porcelain vases

mild zone, deserts, savanna, rainforests

What are the 4 climate zones of Africa?

savanna

broad grasslands; north and south of the rainforest

mild zone

northern coast and southern tip

deserts

north-Sahara; south Kalahari

rainforests

along the equator

the five pillars

guaranteed eternal paradise

Belief, Charity, Fasting, Pilgrimage, Prayer

what are the five pillars?

charity

give money to poor

belief

------ of 1 God; Muhammad is messenger

fasting

Ramadah

pilgrimage

journey to Mekkah

prayer

5x a day facing Mekkah

ibn siba, ibu rushd

who were 2 main islamic scholars?

semitic

speaking people

Allah

who is the God for the Arabs?

nomadic

move to find food and water

how to live, justice system, rewards of following the laws

what are the rules Quran includes?

abu bakr

who was the caliph-successor to Muhammad?

year 1 of islamic calendar

what happened in 622 AD?

true

T/F - Islamic faith is monotheistic

bronze, iron

in African society and culture states are made out of what 2 things?

salt, gold

what is major materials for trading?

sculptures, paintings

what is art based on in the African society and culture?

farmers on oasis, raised sheep

what occupation did the Arabs posses?

highways on silk road

what were the caravan routes apart of?

Khadija, a wealthy widow, his boss

Who did Muhammad marry?

pray, meditate

What did Muhammad often do?

10,000

how many supporters did Muhammad return home with after Hijrah?

true

T/F - Muhammad was political and religious leader

descendant of Muhammad's uncle

who is Abu Al-Abbas?

Harun al Rishid

who is the best known caliph?

Baghdad, Iraq

where was the new capital moved in the Abbasid Dynasty?

Mongols

north china people came across Golbi desert

translated works of greek philosophers into arabic

what was the brilliance of islamic culture?

charlemagne

Holy Roman Emperor leader of the Corolingian Empire

Battle of Hastings

1066- William of Normandy won over King Harold of England

Crusades

Pope Urban II sent European warriors to fight Muslims in Jerusalem

Magna Carta

1215- King John forced to sign. Limits the kings powerz

Henry II

royal court in England and start of the common law

Phillip II

France- gained territories back from England

William of Normandy

defeated Henry at the Battle of Hastings and took over England

Justinian

byzantine emperor known for his Body of Civil law/Justinian code

Frederick II

Germany - wanted power of the HRE to be centered in Italy

Alexander Nevsky

Prince of Novgorod; the Khan, leader of the Western Mongol Empire

Clovis

first European king to be Christian

Edward I

king of England, start of Parliament

false

T/F - The Arabs are NOT organized into tribes

Arabian Peninsula

The Arabs are located on...

revelations

What did the Muslims believe Muhammad received from Angel Gabriel?

revelations

messages

Allah

The teachings of Muhammad says you must obey the will of -----

warriors

Who was reassured place in paradise for their fighting and courage?

Abu al-Abbas

descendent of Muhammad's uncle