Type II DM

BMI that is a risk factor

>26, increase >30

HDL that is a risk factor

<35

Triglyceride that is a risk factor

>250

What is metabolic syndrome?

A cluster of risk factors for CV disease and type 2 DM

Metabolic syndrome if 3 traits are present

1. Abdominal/central obesity

2. Triglycerides >150

3. HDL <40 men, <50 women

4. HTN >130/85

5. Fasting glucose 100 mg

Nonmodifiable risk factors

1. Relative

2. High-risk ethnic

3. Baby >9lbs or gestational DM

4. HTN

5. PCOS

6. HgbA1c >5.7

7. Hx of CVD

What kind of infections may indicate poorly controlled blood glucose?

Recurring yeast infection

• Glucose nourishes the yeast

Common intervention at the time of diagnosis

Metformin in combo with lifestyle changes (diet and exercise)

Suggested weight loss for DM type 2

moderate (5-10% of body weight)

Physical activity recommendation

30 minutes a day

150 mins/week of moderate

Strength training 3x/week

Macrovascular complications of Dm

Brain: Stroke

Heart: CAD

Extremities: PVD → poor circulation

Microvascular complications of DM

Eyes: Diabetic retinopathy → Blindness

Gums: Tooth decay

Kidneys: Renal failure

Cap refill: Delayed

How should patients with DM wash their feet?

Daily between toes → DRY BETWEEN TOES

Do not soak

Careful of hot water 

How to apply lotion

Okay to use → not between toes

Shoe guidelines

Do not walk barefood

Proper fitting footwear

close toed

Check shoes daily