Unit 8 Imperialism, Progressives, WWI, 20s, 30s

Big Sister policy

rally Latin American nations behind American leadership

open Latin American markets to American traders

Great Rapprochement

American diplomats create close relations with Great Britain

McKinley Tariff

raised duties on Hawaiian sugar

insurrectos

Cuban insurgents who wanted freedom from Spanish rule

USS Maine

dispatched to keep an eye on Cuba

mysteriously blew up

Americans insisted the Spanish sunk it

Teller Amendment

when the US overthrew the Spanish, Cuba would have its freedom

Rough Riders

Teddy Roosevelt

Cuban war volunteers

Anti-Imperialist League

protest American colonial oversight in Philippines

Foraker Act

gave Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular government

Insular Cases

Constitution didn’t follow the flag

Puerto Ricans and Filipinos wouldn’t enjoy all American rights

Platt Amendment

limited Cuba’s ability to make treaties

controlled Cuban debt

the US could intervene to restore order

Open Door note

respect Chinese rights

free and open competition within spheres of influence in China

Boxer Rebellion

uprising against foreign influence

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

America could build a canal in Central America

Roosevelt Corollary

added to Monroe Doctrine

US can intervene in domestic Latin American affairs

Gentlemen’s Agreement

Japan and America

Japan doesn’t issue more passports

America admits family of already resident Japanese

no segregation of Japanese-American schoolchildren

Root-Takahira agreement

US and Japan respect each other’s territorial possessions and uphold the Open Door with China

social gospel

better housing and living conditions for urban poor

muckrakers

wrote exposes of widespread corruption

initiative

voters to petition to have a law placed on the general ballot

referendum

voters place a bill on the ballot for final approval

recall

voters remove elected officials from office

Australian ballot

voter privacy when marking ballot choices

Muller v Oregon

constitutionality of limiting the hours of working women

different standards for male and female workers

Lochner v New York

invalidated a law establishing a 10-hour day for bakers

right to free contract

Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire

inspired legislation to improve workplace safety

Elkins Act

impose penalties on railroads that offered rebates and customers who accepted them

Meat Inspection Act

meat shipped over state lines subject to federal inspection

Pure Food and Drug Act

inspect and regulate labeling of all foods and pharmaceuticals

Hetch Hetchy Valley

a dam was put here, angering preservationists

panic of 1907

bankruptcies and stock market crash

JPMorgan intervened

led to creation of Federal Reserve

Brownsville Affair

Texans blamed African American soldiers for a shooting

Teddy Roosevelt dishonorably discharged them

dollar diplomacy

supporting US investments and political interests abroad

financing of railways in China

Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua

President Taft

Payne-Aldrich Bill

retained high rates on most imports

New Nationalism

reform program

create stronger regulatory agencies to ensure trusts operated to serve the public interest

New Freedom

stronger antitrust legislation

banking reform

tariff reductions

Underwood Tariff

reduction of rates

graduated federal income tax

Federal Reserve Act

established regional Federal Reserve Banks and a Federal Reserve Board

regulate banking

create stability

Federal Trade Commission Act

investigate illegal business practices in interstate commerce (unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling)

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

extended protections of Sherman Anti-Trust Act

exempting labor unions and agricultural organizations

holding companies

companies own part/all of other companies’ stock to extend monopoly control

only exists to control other companies

Workingmen’s Compensation Act

assistance to federal civil-service employees during disability periods

Adamson Act

8-hour day for all employees on trains in interstate commerce

extra pay for overtime

Jones Act

according territorial status to Philippines

promised independence when a stable government was established

Tampico Incident

American sailors arrested by Mexican government

Lusitania

British passenger line sunk by Germany

Zimmerman Note

Germany proposed an alliance with Mexico against the US

Fourteen Points

Wilson’s proposal for peace after WWI

end to secret treaties

widespread arms reduction

national self-determination

league of nations

Committee on Public Information

win everyday Americans’ support for war effort

prowar propaganda

Espionage Act

prohibited interference with draft and other acts of national disloyalty

Sedition Act of 1918

penalties for abusing the government in writing

Schenck v United States

upheld Espionage and Sedition Acts

freedom of speech can be removed if it presents a danger to the nation

War Industries Board

industrial production during WWI

set production quotas

allocated raw materials

pushed companies to increase efficiency and eliminate waste

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

sought to build one big union

advocated industrial sabotage

general strike

large-scale work stoppage

cuts across industry lines and affects an entire community

Great Migration

movement of African Americans from rural South to urban North

less legal discrimination

19th Amendment

gave women the right to vote

Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act

federal financed instruction in maternal and infant health care

expanded the role of government in family welfare

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)

US Army force deployed to Europe in WWI

Battle of Chateau-Thierry

first engagement of American troops in WWI

Meuse-Argonne offensive

effort to cut German railroad lines supplying the Western front

League of Nations

proposed by Woodrow Wilson

established by Treaty of Versailles

facilitate peaceful international cooperation

Treaty of Versailles

terms of settlement between Germany and the Allied Powers

blamed the war on Germany

German disarmament

Germany had to pay heavy reparations

US Senate rejected it

irreconilables

militant isolationists who opposed the League of Nations

Scientific Management (Taylorism)

system of industrial management

improve factory efficiency

Fordism

assembly-line manufacturing

mass production

United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

promote resettlement of African Americans to Africa

stimulate a separate black economy within the US

red scare

period of intense anticommunism

criminal syndicalism laws

outlawed the advocacy of violence to secure social change

American plan

business-oriented approach to worker relations

defeat unionization

strengthen communication with workers

offer benefits like pension and insurance

Immigration Act of 1924

established quotas for immigration to US

eastern Europe immigration was sharply cut

Asian immigration was shut down completely

Indian Citizenship Act of 1924

granted citizenship to all Native Americans born in US territory

18th Amendment

prohibited manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol

prohibition

Volstead Act

enforcing 18th Amendment

racketeers

people who get money illegally by fraud, bootlegging, gambling, or threats of violence

Bible Belt

American South where Protestant Fundamentalism and belief in literal interpretation of the Bible were strongest

Scopes Trial

issue of evolution being taught in school

fundamentalists won the case, but were ridiculed by national press

Fundamentalism

Protestant Christian movement emphasizing literal truth of Bible and opposing modernism

modernism

accepted change

lost generation

American artists and writers who found inspiration post WWI

Harlem Renaissance

creative outpouring among African American artists that celebrated black culture

Bureau of the Budget

oversee federal budget and keep federal government spending within specified guidelines

Adkins v Children’s Hospital

women don’t deserve special protection in the workplace

Nine-Power Treaty

Britain, France, Italy, Japan, US, China, Netherlands, Portugal, Belgium

abide by Open Door Policy

Five-Power Treaty

ship ratios

Four-Power Treaty

preserve status quo in Pacific Ocean

Kellogg-Briand Pact

linked 62 nations in outlawing war

Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law

protect domestic production from foreign competitors

many European nations increased their own trade barriers

Teapot Dome Scandal

illegal lease of naval oil reserves

President Harding’s secretary of the interior

McHary-Haugen Bill

farm-relief bill

keep agricultural prices high

authorizing government to buy surpluses and sell them abroad

Dawes Plan

reschedule German reparations payments

stabilized German currency

private loans from US citizens to Germany

Agricultural Marketing Act

Federal Farm Board, a lending bureau for hard-pressed farmers

help farmers help themselves through new producer’s cooperatives

bolster falling prices by buying up surpluses, but couldn’t cope with the flood of farm produce to market

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

highest protective tariff in peacetime history

Black Tuesday

millions of stocks were sold on Wall Street

helped begin the Great Depression

Hoovervilles

shantytowns where impoverished victims of the Great Depression lived

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

government lending agency to assist insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and local governments

Norris-La Guardian Anti-Injunction Act

banned antiunion work contracts

forbade federal courts from issuing injunctions to quash strikes and boycotts

Bonus Expeditionary Force (BEF)

marched on Washington to demand payment of bonuses earned during WWI

Brain Trust

specialists in law, economics, and welfare

advised FDR and helped develop New Deal policies

New Deal

economic and political policies of FDR

aimed to solve the problems of the Great Depression by providing relief for the unemployed and launching efforts to stimulate economic recovery

built on reforms of the progressive era