Horticulture Lecture Exam

Fabaceae

is a family of flowering plants known as legumes, characterized by their nitrogen-fixing abilities and the production of pods containing seeds, which include beans, peas, and lentils.

Nitrogen Fixation

is the process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into a form usable by plants, often facilitated by bacteria in the root nodules of legumes.

Fabaceae Leaves

are typically compound leaves, which can be palmate or pinnate in structure, and often exhibit a range of shapes and sizes.

Compund V. Simple Leaves

`refers to two types of leaf structures, where compound leaves consist of multiple leaflets attached to a single stem, while simple leaves have a single blade attached to a stem.

Hippocastanaceae

is a family of flowering plants known as the horse chestnuts, characterized by palmate leaves and large clusters of flowers.

Hippocastanaceae Flowers 

Bisexual, 4-5 Petals, 7-8 Stamens 

Ginkgoaceae

is a family of ancient trees known as ginkgoes, characterized by fan-shaped leaves and unique, fleshy seeds. 200 million years old. Ginkgoaceae trees are often referred to as "living fossils."

Ginkgoaceae Reproductive Traits

Dioecious

Males: Produce pollen

Females: Produce seeds 

Malvaceae

Alternate Leaves, Present stipules, varying fruit

Malvaceae Flowers

are typically showy, often with 5 sepals and 5 petals, numerous stamens usually fused into a column (monadelphous), and a superior ovary; an epicalyx may be present.

Hamamelidaceae

is a family of woody plants (trees and shrubs) characterized by alternate leaves, often with stellate hairs, and commonly 4-5 petals (sometimes absent). Their fruit is typically a woody capsule.

Rosaceae 

is a family of flowering plants known as the rose family, characterized by typically alternate leaves, stipules, and usually bisexual flowers with 5 sepals, 5 petals, numerous stamens; includes important fruit crops such as apples, pears, and strawberries.

Follicle Fruit

is a dry, dehiscent fruit that develops from a single carpel, and splits open along one seam to release its seeds

Achene Fruit

Small, Dry, indehiscent, One seeded.

Pome 

Multiloculate, fleshy fruit 

Drupe

Stone fruit, one- seeded

Hip

Fruit of the rose

When to Plant 

Dormant Season- Best in the fall 

Magnoliaceae

Magnolias evolved on Earth as far back as 95 million years ago during the Cretaceous period. They one of the oldest known tree species in the world. Magnolias evolved to be pollinated by ancient insects—you may know them today as beetles.

Pruning 

MID FEBUARY-MID APRIL

Spur

a short shoot or branchlet bearing flower buds, as on fruit trees.

Water sprouts

fast growing epicormic shoots usually arising around damage or sites of pruning cuts.

Leader

the main, usually central, stem of a plant

Scaffold

Scaffold

Lateral

side growth that arises from any shoot or root.

Suckers

a shoot that arises at or below ground level from a plant’s root or underground stem; on grafted plants, any shoot that arises below the graft union.

Pruning of Shrubs

• Method 1. Severing at base of crown • Method 2. Overall unequal height at one pruning • Method 3. Multi-year sequence of Pruning

Bonsai

Use nursery stock

Compound Leaves - Pinnate

a compound leaf in which the leaflets are arranged in two rows, one on each side of the midrib.

Compound Leaves - Bipinnate

a pinnate leaf in which the leaflets themselves are further subdivided in a pinnate fashion.

Compound Leaves - Palmate

with 4 or more leaflets spreading from the same point, like fingers of a hand.