1.1: GE 07

Science

refers to a systematic and methodical activity of building and organizing knowledge about how the universe behaves through observation, experimentation or both.

technology

Things that fulfill our needs and desires or perform certain functions

technology

Application of understanding of natural laws to the solution of practical problems

scientia

‘knowledge’

Science, Technology, and Society

resulted from a recognition that many schools today do not really prepare students to respond critically, reflectively, and proactively to the challenges of the contemporary world

Science, Technology, and Society

a result of questions about its dynamic interaction with various aspects of society and was thus viewed as a socially embedded enterprise

Science, Technology, and Society

seeks to bridge the gap between two traditionally exclusive cultures of humanities (interpretive) and natural sciences (rational)

Technology

is the application of scientific knowledge, laws, and principles to produce services, materials, tools, and machines aimed at solving real-world problems.

techne

‘art, skill, or cunning of hand’

Helix

a digital app store designed to read genomes

BlessU-2 and Pepper

first robot priest and monk

Emotion-Sensing Facial Recognition

a software being developed to assess your reactions to anything such as shopping and playing games

Ransomware

a way of holding data hostage through hacking and requiring a ransom to be paid

Textalyzer

a device that analyzes whether a driver was using his or her phone during an accident

Social Credit System

a system of scoring citizens through their actions by placing them under constant surveillance (which China plays to adopt)

Google Clips

a hands-free camera that lets the user capture every moment effortlessly

Sentencing Software

a mysterious algorithm designed to aid courts in sentencing decisions

Friendbot

an app that stores the deceased’s digital footprint so one can still chat with them

Citizen App

an app that notifies users of ongoing crimes or major events in a specific area

Science, Technology and Society (STS)

is a relatively young filed that combines previously independent and older disicplines

STS

seeks to bridge the gap between two traditionally exclusive cultures--humanities (interpretive) and natural sciences (rational)---so that humans will be able to better confront the moral, ethical, and existential dilemmas brought by the continued developments in science and technology

antecedent

a precursor to the unfolding or existence of something

ancient

the rise of ___ civilizations paved the way for advances in science and technology

Wolper

according to him, science is not the same as technology

Ancient Period

this period allowed civilizations to flourish by finding better ways of communication, self-organization, transportation, and of living in general.

animals

people in the ancient period used this for transportation long before the invention of wheels

potter's wheel

ancient wheel grew out of a mechanical device called ___

potter's wheel

a heavy flat disk made of hardened clay which was spun horizontally on an axis.

Sumerians

It is believed that the ____ invented the potter's wheel shortly after 3500 BC.

papyrus

the ancient Egyptians began writing on ____, a material similar to thick paper.

Papyrus

is made from the pith of the papyrus plant cyperus papyrus. It is lightweight, strong, durable, and most importantly, portable.

stone

Before the Egyptians invented the papyrus, writing was done on ____.

Paper

Through its use, information dissemination became exponentially faster. Records were kept and stood the test of time.

Shadoof

was an early tool invented and used by ancient Egyptians to irrigate land

irrigation

Among Egyptians who lived near the Nile river, this was necessary to water their crops.

Shadoof

a hand-operated device used for lifting water. Its invention introduced the idea of lifting things using counterweights.

Shadoof

because of this invention, irrigation and farming became

Shadoof

is also believed to be an ancient precursor of more sophisticated irrigation tools

Antikythera mechanism

Discovered in 1902 and retrieved from the waters of Antikythera, Greece

Antikythera mechanism

is similar to a mantel clock. Upon its discovery, the bits of wood seen on its fragments suggested that it must have been housed in a wooden case.

Antikythera mechanism

is akin to a clock in the way that the case has a circular face and rotating hands. A knob on the side makes it possible for it to be wound forward or backward. As this knob moves forward or backward, its mechanism allows it to display celestial time.

Antikythera mechanism

s widely believed that the Antikythera mechanism was used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses for calendar and astrological purposes

Antikythera mechanism

is also believed that this invention, which one of the oldest known antecedents of modern clockwork, was invented by Greek scientists between 150-100 BC.

Aeolipile

Also known as the Hero's engine

Aeolipile

is widely believed to be the ancient precursor of the steam engine

Aeolipile

a steam-powered turbine which spun when the water container at its center was heated, thus making it practically the first rudimentary steam engine. It is not clear whether the acolipile served any practical purpose, but it is believed to be one of many "temple wonders" at the time.

Aeolipile

Vitruvius, a Roman author, architect, and civil engineer, described this as a scientific invention through which "the mighty and wonderful laws of the heavens and the nature of winds" may be understood and judged.

Hero of Alexandria

who was credited for the demonstration of the use of the aelopile during the 1st century AD

Middle Ages

was ot as stagnant as alternate terms such as teh ‘Medieval period’ or ‘dark ages’ suggests

Middle Ages

Between the collapse of the Roman Empire in 5th century AD and the colonial expansion of Western Europe in late 15th century AD, major advances in scientific and technological development took place.

Middle Ages

some of humanity’s most important present-day technologies could be trace back to their historical antecedents in this period

Heavy Plough

one of the most important technological innovations during the middle ages

Heavy Plough

Clay soil, despite being more fertile than lighter types of soil, was not cultivated because of its heavy weight. However, through this invention, it became possible to harness clay soil.

Heavy Plough

Because of this, Europe, particularly its northern territories, saw rapid economic prosperity. This stirred an agricultural revolution in Northern Europe marked by higher and healthier agricultural yields and more efficient agricultural practices.

Gunpowder

Around 850 AD, Chinese alchemists accidentally invented black powder or ____

huopas

roughly translated as "fire potion."

gunpowder

Multiple accounts suggest that this might have been an unintended byproduct of attempts made by the Chinese to invent the elixir of life

explosive

Towards the end of the 13th century, these inventions crept into most parts of Europe and Asia.

swords and spears

Prior to the invention of the gunpowder, these were used in battles and wars.

gunpowder

It ushered in an unprecedented advancement in warfare and combat throughout the Middle Ages.

Chinese

are credited for the invention of paper money of block printing, which is similar to stamping.

gold and silver

Before the introduction of paper money, precious metals, such as ______ were used as currency

Mongol

paper money

traders and merchants eventually realized the huge advantage of using this because it was easier to transport around compared to the previous forms of currencies.

Middle Ages

Although devices for timekeeping and recording sprung from the ancient times, such as the Antikythera mechanism, it was not until this period that clockwork technology was developed

Mechanical Clock

paved the way for accurately keeping track of time. The sophistication of clockwork technology of th drastically changed the way days were spent and work patterns were established, particularly in the more advanced Middle Age cities.

Spinning Wheel

Another important invention of the Middle Ages, a machine used for transforming fiber into thread or yarn and eventually woven into cloth on a loom.

Indians

invented the spinning wheel between 6th and 11th century AD.

weaving

Prior to the invention of the spinning wheel, this was done predominantly through the more time-consuming and tedious process of hand spinning.

Spinning Wheel

According to White (1974), this invention sped up the rate at which fiber could be spun by a factor of 10 to 100 times.

Spinning Wheel

Modern Ages

As the world population steadily increased, people of this period realized the utmost importance of increasing the efficiency of transportation, communication, and production. Industrialization took place with greater risks in human health, food safety, and environment which had to be addressed as scientific and technological progress unfolded at an unimaginable speed.

Zacharias Janssen

is credited for the invention of the first compound microscope in 1590. Together with his father Hans, they began experimenting with lenses by putting together several lenses on a tube.

Compound Microscope.

an amazing discovery that an object, when placed near the end of the tube, can be magnified far larger than what a simple magnifying lens I can do.

compound microscope

was an important progression from the single lens microscope. It was capable of magnifying objects three times their size when fully closed and up to ten times when extended to the maximum.

compound microscope

an important instrument in many scientific studies, such as in the areas of medicine, forensic studies, tissue analysis, atomic studies, and genetics.

Telescope

Perhaps the single, most important technological invention in the study of astronomy during the Modern Ages

Telescope

invented by Galileo Galilei.

Telescope

This invention could magnify objects 20 times larger than the Dutch perspective glasses.

Galileo

Jacquard Loom

was considered as one of the most critical drivers of the revolution.

Jacquard Loom

simplifies textile manufacturing.

Joseph Marie Jacquard

a French weaver who built the Jacquard Loom

drawloom

Prior to the invention of the Jacquard loom, this was used which required two individuals to operate-the weaver and a "drawboy"-if figured designs on textiles were needed.

Jacquard loom

an important antecedent of modern computer technology as it demonstrated the use of punched cards to instruct a machine to carry out complex tasks, i.e., making different textile patterns.

Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright

who was credited for designing and successfully operating the first engine-powered aircraft.

Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright

proved that aircrafts could fly without airfoil-shaped wings.

Television

the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) used this for its earliest television programming in 1929.

John Logie Baird

who was redited for the invention of the modern television

Filipinos

are responsible for developing many scientific and technological innovations focused on navigation, traditional shipbuilding, textiles, food processing, indigenous arts and techniques, and even cultural inventions.

Electronic Jeepney

As demand for more responsive transportation technology arose, this was introduced in Metro Manila and Bacolod City.

Electronic Jeepney

is the inventive response to criticisms to the traditional jeepney that belched smoke, directly causing air pollution which made it unsustainable and uneconomical.

jeepney

is perhaps one of the most recognizable national symbols of the Philippines and the most popular mode of public transportation in the country.

jeepney

is also perhaps one of the most enduring symbols of Filipino ingenuity

jeepney

were designed and improvised from scratch out of military jeeps that the Americans left in the country after World War II

e-jeepney

is the inventive response to criticisms to the traditional jeepney that belched smoke, directly causing air pollution which made it unsustainable and uneconomical.

E-jeepneys

are designed to be environment- friendly, eliminating noise and air pollution as they run on electricity.

E-jeepneys

are also more economical for electricity is far cheaper than ordinary diesel, allowing jeepney drivers to earn more profit.

Erythromycin

one of the most important medical inventions is the Erythromycin

Abelardo Aguilar

who invented this antibiotic out of a strain of bacterium called Streptomyces erythress, from which this drug derived its name.