USH Unit 10

Soviet-American Relations in the 1980s

Soviets ignored agreement and invaded Afghanistan; led to the U.S. boycott of 1980 Olympic Games

Nixon's Pardon

Pardoned by Gerald Ford who lost the support he gained from the presidency he announced he would pardon Nixon

Watergate Results

House was about to vote to have Nixon impeached from office and Nixon resigned

Background of the Women's Movement

Declaration of Sentiments at Seneca Falls, New York (1840)

Gulf War

-Caused by Saddam Hussein invasion of Kuwait in pursuit of oil

Opposition to Women's Rights

-Phyllis Schlafly denounced women's liberation as "a total assault on the family, on marriage, and on children."

-Conservative opposition caused the ERA to be three states short on becoming a constitutional amendment

Strategic Defense Initiative

Known as Star Wars;

Intended to create a program to develop an anti-ballistic missile system in order to prevent missile attacks from other countries, specifically the Soviet Union.

Created expensive defense plan based on super lasers

Southern Strategy

By winning the support of southern whites, Nixon hoped to make the Republican party a powerful force in the south;

Attract conservative Democrats who felt Democrats had been too liberal

National Organization of Woman

Dedicated to winning "true equality for all women" and "full equal partnership of the sexes";

Worked for equal employment for women; Betty Freidan founded in 1966

AIDS

1981: last stage of HIV; attacks immune system of its victims (no cure)

Camp David Agreement

Agreement between President Jimmy Carter, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin;

The peace treaty between Israel and Egypt

Richard Nixon's Staff

Nixon wants Archibald fired, everyone who doesn't obey gets fired

(Saturday night massacre)

Largest Spanish Speaking Population in the U.S.

Mexican-Americans

Betty Friedan

Co-founder of the National Organization for Women;

Wrote The Feminine Mystique (1963)

The Plumbers

Special secret White House unit that stopped the unauthorized release of government information

Rustbelt

A term used for northeastern and midwestern US that experienced declining industry, aging factories, and a falling population;

Dwindling economics of old manufacturing region

High Oil Prices

Energy Crisis: oil from 3 dollars a barrel to 11 dollars a barrel

Reaganomics

Created by Ronald Reagan;

Promoted the idea of reducing taxes and unrestricted free-market activity;

Fewer taxes would increase investment and stimulate the production

Population change

Immigrants help the country maintain the population;

2000: 27% of the population: Mexicans while 23% of population\= Asians

Inflation under Carter

As a result of Carter's inconsistent economic policy, inflation rose

Iran

Iranian hostage crisis during President Carter

Medicare

The United States federal government health insurance program for Americans who are 65 years of age and older. ... These benefits are intended to cover the costs of healthcare associated with advanced age.

Distrust of Nixon

Caused by the Watergate Scandal;

Investigations led to the revealing of the White House tapes

Reagan

The 40th president, Republican, supported a strong military and had faith in traditional values, radiated optimism

Role of the President

chief of state, (2) chief executive, (3) chief administrator, (4) chief diplomat, (5) commander in chief, (6) chief legislator, (7) party chief, and (8) chief citizen. Chief of state refers to the President as the head of the government. He is the symbol of all the people.

Ford Administration

uh idk

SALT Talks

-SALT I: Detente: (ease Cold War tensions)--\> SALT I Treaty

-SALT II: two nations pledged to limit nuclear arms production, Soviets ignored and invaded Afghanistan→ boycott 1980 Olympics for the USA in Moscow

Nixon's Resignation

He was about to be impeached and decided before the vote by the house and trial by the senate to resign

Withdrawal from Vietnam

Nixon: Vietnamization in which the Nixon admin tried to equip the S. Viet to be prepared against the N. Viet Comm.;

Veterans treated as "baby killers"

Carter Accomplishments

Camp David Accords

Getting an increase in Social Security taxes;

A Panama Canal treaty;

Established the Department of Energy;

DID NOT ACCOMPLISH: Reform of the electoral college

Life Expectancy Chart

-1990: life expectancy was less than 50 years of age

-2000: life expectancy was live up to 77 years of age

-Older Americans tended to retire earlier, live longer, and exert more political influence. These factors strained the country's social welfare system, especially social security and Medicare.

Immigration Policy

Previous policies limited immigration to mainly northern and western Europeans, but began to relax immigration limitations.;

Immigration Act of 1990 increase quotas by 40% and eased most remaining restrictions.;

In 2000s, largest numbers of immigrants in country's history

Southern Strategy

Republican Party electoral strategy to increase political support among white voters in the South by appealing to racism against African Americans

Iran-Contra Affair

-Political scandal in the United States

-Secret U.S. arms deal that traded missiles and other arms to free some Americans held hostage by terrorists in Lebanon

-Used funds from the arms deal to support armed conflict in Nicaragua

Differences in Men's and Women's Pay

women were paid less

Immigration Reform

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986: made legal all illegal aliens who had been in the US since 1982

The Other America

By Michael Harrington

and it was the study of poverty in the United States

Iran Hostage Crisis

The diplomatic standoff between the US and Iran;

52 American diplomats and citizens held hostage for 444 days at the US Embassy in Tehran, Iran;

One major factor contributing to Reagan's defeat of President Carter in 1980

Control Act of 1986

Signed by Ronald Reagan:

Increased border security and establish penalties for employers who hired unauthorized immigrants

Feminism Impact

Theory of political, social and economic equality of men and woman;

Emphasized that the struggle of women's rights has a long history

Little Rock Central High School

Federal troops ensured the safety of 9 black students

Globalization

The technological, political, economic, financial, and cultural exchanges between people and nations across the world.

William Jefferson Clinton

Governor of Arkansas, nominated by Democrats as the presidential candidate;

"New Democrat": reconcile liberal and conservative ideals; strong national defense stands on crime, free trade, welfare reform and close ties with corporations

Family Medical Leave Act

Labor law requiring covered employers to pride employees with job-protected and unpaid leave for qualified medical and family reasons;

Guaranteed most full-time employees 12 workweeks of unpaid leave each year for birth and care of newborn, recovery of illness or taking care of the ill.

Brady Bill

Gun-control act that mandated federal background checks on firearm purchasers in the United States

NAFTA

-North American Free Trade Agreement

-Between Canada, Mexico, and the United States

-Created a trilateral trade bloc in North America

-Promoted economic growth, reduced prices, increased exports and encouraged economic investment

No Child Left Behind Act

Held schools accountable by penalizing those that did not reach federal performance standards;

Called for improving teacher quality and for making information about schools more readily available to parents

George W. Bush

Republican candidate, governor of Texas, popular with the conservative party

Department of Homeland Security

Bush's new Cabinet-level;

Coordinated domestic security matters among a number of federal, state, and local agencies.

Patriot Act

Gave law enforcement broader powers to monitor suspected;

Some claimed it to violate civil liberties

Taliban

Islamic fundamentalist government;

Bin Laden and other al Qaeda leaders were in Afghanistan, where the Taliban government allowed them to operate training camps for terrorists

Barack Obama

Democratic senator (2008) of Illinois, became 1st African American to be nominated for president by a major party. became 44th pres

Immigration Act of 1990

Increased quotas by 40% and eased most remaining restrictions

Affirmative Action

Introduced by President Johnson:

Improved opportunities for women and minorities by giving preference to them in school admissions and job applications.

WMD

Weapons of mass destruction:

Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was building nuclear, biological, and chemical WMD.

Election of 2000

Both fell short of winning 270 electoral votes

Florida had 25 electoral votes, state law mandated an automatic statewide recount, Bush was awarded 271 electoral votes

Bilingual education

Receiving education in both their native language and English