Chem last test of year vocabulary

Electron domain

A region around a central atom where electrons are found, including bonds and lone pairs.

Electronegativity

The ability of an atom to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond.

Dipole

A separation of positive and negative charge within a molecule.

Ionic bond

A bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creating oppositely charged ions.

Binary compound

A compound made of only two different elements.

Polar

Having an unequal distribution of charge that creates positive and negative ends in a molecule.

Molecular geometry

The three-dimensional shape of a molecule based on the arrangement of its atoms.

Molecule

A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

Electron dot diagram

A diagram that shows valence electrons as dots around an element's symbol.

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons.

Electron domain geometry

The arrangement of all electron domains around a central atom.

Valence electrons

The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom that are involved in bonding.

Partial charge

A slight positive or negative charge on an atom caused by unequal sharing of electrons.

Dipole-dipole force

An attraction between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another.

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons.

Dispersion force

A weak attraction caused by temporary shifts in electron distribution within atoms or molecules.

Covalent bond

A bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Hydrogen bonding

A strong intermolecular force that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.

Intermolecular forces

Forces of attraction between separate molecules.