GED 1 - Final Examination

Western

focuses on the self as a cognitive and agentic construct

East

focuses on spiritual development

Confucianism

Taoism

Buddhism

Three main Spiritual concepts

Confucianism

Is a Chinese ethical and Philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius

Confucius

The recognized founder of Confucianism, a.k.a. Kang Zi of China.

Humanism

Self-Cultivation

The Self in Confucian Thought

Self-Cultivation

it is the main purpose of life

Humanism

a central approach, focused on achieving a harmonious social life

The yin and the yang

the symbol of Taoism

Taoism

The self is a part of the universe

Lao Tzu

recognized founder of Taoism

The self is a part of the universe

The Self in Taoist thought

Buddhism

the recognized founder of this spiritual concept is Siddhartha Gautama of India

Siddhartha Gautama

The recognized founder of Buddhism

The Eightfold Path

Culture of Buddhism

Right Views

Right Intentions

Right Speech

Right Action

Right Livelihood

Right Effort

Right Mindfulness

Right Concentration

Culture of Buddhism: The Eightfold Path

Individualistic Self

The Western Self is the

The Collective Self

The Eastern Self is the

The Western Self

Focuses on self-development

The Western Self

Focus on Independence and autonomy

The Western Self

Focus on seeing the self apart from others

The Western Self

Focus on comparing the self from others

The Eastern Self

Focus on self-development and improvement in harmony with society

The Eastern Self

Focus on relationships with people and nature

The Eastern Self

Focus on seeing the self as a part of a bigger and more powerful entity

The Eastern Self

Focus on living in peace and balance with other people and the forces in nature

Hindu Indigenous

they believe that the self is made up of two aspects; Atman and Brahman.

Atman

self-soul

Brahman

it is the material, efficient, formal and final cause of all that exists

Atman

is a secular word which means “essence, breath or soul”

Five Skandhas or the Five heaps

is a combination of five aggregates of existence

Form

Sensation

Perception

Mental Formation

Consciousness

The Five Skandhas or the Five heaps

Form

the first Skandha, is the physical form

Sensation

the second Skandha, is made up of feelings-both emotional and physical, and senses: seeing, hearing, tasting, touching, and smelling

Perception

the third Skandha, takes in most of what is called thinking, which includes conceptualization, cognition, reasoning

Mental Formation

the fourth Skandha, includes habits, prejudices, and predispositions

Consciousness

the fifth Skandha, is awareness of or sensitivity to an object, but without conceptualization

Potential-self

Pre-self or the

Jen

Heart of Compassion

Yi

Heart of Righteousness

Li

Heart of Propriety

Chih

Heart of Wisdom

The Physical Self

All about appearance

UK

US

BRAZIL

FRANCE

INDIA

Countries included in the example FEMALE BEAUTY STANDARDS

INDIA

BRAZIL

SOUTH KOREA

TURKEY

UK

Countries included in the example MALE BEAUTY STANDARDS

The Sexual Self

Humans are born either male or female

X Chromosome

Female Offspring

Y Chromosome

Male Offspring

UK

Skin tanning

US

Focus on having bigger assets and having cosmetic procedures

BRAZIL

Smaller breasts with a round bottom

FRANCE

“Au-naturel” with little makeup

INDIA

Skin-whitening: snow white syndrome

INDIA

Paleness: sign of distinction and superiority.

INDIA

Pale skin

BRAZIL

identify as Mixed-race

SOUTH KOREA

The use of make-up and having plastic surgery is common

TURKEY

They prefer less hair

UK

One of their beauty standards is having tattoos

Puberty

A stage in human development where the reproductive organs fully mature and become functional to perform their reproductive abilities

Primary Sex Characteristics

Refers to the changes of the sexual organs that are directly connected with reproduction

Secondary Sex Characteristics

These are features that are being developed during puberty

Infancy

No awareness of gender

Childhood

Child acknowledges its gender

Adolescence

phase of transition during which major developments of sexuality takes place. Puberty is reached during this

Heterosexual

Homosexual

Asexual

Bisexual

Pansexual

Intersexed

SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS

Heterosexual

attraction and behavior towards opposite sex

Homosexual

attraction to same sex

Asexual

do not have any attraction to any sex/gender

Bisexual

an attraction to both male and female

Pansexual

the ability to be attracted to anyone regardless of sex

Intersexed

people who fall outside the male and female dichotomy

Sexual response

When a sexual activity is continued, it proceeds to four sequential phases

Excited Phase

Plateau Phase

Sexual Climax

Resolution Phase

Four stages of sexual response

Excited Phase

Characterized by increase in pulse and blood pressure, skin temperature, muscle tensions, more rapid breathing, and secretion of genital fluids

Plateau Phase

Characterized by consistent stimulation until orgasm occurs

Sexual Climax

Characterized by intense pleasure with a rapid increase in pulse rate and blood pressure, and a possibility of spasms and muscular contractions

Resolution Phase

Characterized by a slow return to the normal state

Abstinence

Using this method means not engaging in any sexual activity at all.

Calendar Method

Known as rhythm method which means not engaging in any sexual activity during the days in a month that the female is fertile

Withdrawing Method

This method entails the man withdrawing from the sexual activity just before he releases. This is considered high risk and may cause fertilization if not done right

Condoms

Made out of rubber or latex. Proven to prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Male Condoms

External Condoms

Female Condoms

Internal Condoms

Oral Contraceptives

Also known as the Pill. This contains synthetic estrogen and progesterone that prevent ovulation. This must be prescribed by the doctor and must be taken on strict schedules

Sosyal

is a slang for upper class

Pasosyal

when you are acting pretentious

Lower class

is limited to basic needs and struggling to live on their means

Middle class

they are careful buyers as they compare as their purchasing power is standing on neutral ground

Upper class

consumes high-grade goods as their status can attain such high-quality standard

Upper Class

Middle Class

Lower Class

The subdivisions of Society

Social Class

is a group of individuals with similar status commonly sharing comparable levels of wealth and power (similar values, interest, behavior).

Utang na Loob

would mean debt to honor or debt of gratitude. A Filipino will feel anxious if he has not repaid this

Pakikisama

is very popular among the teenagers and it may mean anything from camaraderie to cooperation. “Barkada.

Amor Propio

To say that one does not have enough money to buy a merchandise is an insult to the Filipino self-esteem. He/she may influence to buy an item just to show that he can afford that item.

Hiya

Filipino are popular for some cultural trait and values. It is a kind of anxiety, fear of being left, exposed, unprotected and unappreciated

Religion

Nationality

Ethnicity

Geographical location

Language

There are widely array of cultural dividends that are efficacious such as:

Culture

is a set of beliefs shared by a group of people or believers.

Lodi

is influenced would also be manifested by the influence of reference group

Social Factors

As a consumer our wants, our desire to lern or motiveates etc. are influenced by our attention to and interaction with others