Bio exam 3

Metazoa

Animal

Choanoflagellates

closest living relatives to animals

Characteristics of Animal

Eukaryotic, heterotrophic , multicellular

Porifera

Sponges

Choanocyte

A cell inside a sponge that divides digestion with an Amoebocyte

Porocyetes

holes a sponge’s epidermis that bring in water

Sclerocytes

Cells that make the hard parts of the sponge called Spicules

Sponge Grazers

Predators of sponges like eukaryotes,bacteria, and viruses

Secondary Metabolites

Biochemicals that are not necessary for normal development.

Eumetazoa

Animals with “True tissues” (tissue layers)

True tissues

Two layers of dermal tissue, ectoderm and endoderm

Ctenophora

Comb Jellies

Ctenophora Charateristics

mostly pelagic, eight combs of cilia that propel the body

Cnideria

other jellies, corals, hydras, anemones

Cnidaria Nematocysts

the capsule containing stinging cells

Polyp form

one type of basic body plan for Cnidarians

Medusa form

another type of basic body plan for Cnidarians

Classes of Cniderians

Anthozoas, Cubozoans, Scyphozoans, and Hydrozoans

Anthozoans

sea anemones, corals Polyp stage only

Anthozoan Exoskeleton

Calcium Carbonate

Endosymbiosis

mutualism

Cnidarian Life cycle

polyps turn into medusa form

Hydrozoans

hydras, portugese-man-of-war

Scyphozoans

mostly medusa with polyp reduced

Cubozoans

sea wasps, mostly medusa with polyp reduced

Radiata

Radical Symetery

Bilateria

cephalization

Triploblastic

Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm (layers of tissues)

Dipoblastic

Ectoderm and Endoderm (Layers of tissue)

Coelom

A cavity that runs the length of the body

Acoelom

No cavity

Platyhelminthes

Flat worms

Turbellaria

free living flat worm, a class of Platyhelminthes, great regeneration, reproduce (a)sexually

Monogenea

Exoparasitic flatworm, simple life cycle

Trematoda

Endoparasitic, complex life cycle, multiple hosts

Schistosoma

blood flukes ,human definitive host

Definitive host

the host in which sexual reproduction occurs

intromediate host

the host in which asexual reproduction occurs

Cestoda

Endoparasites in intestines, complex cycle, multiple host possibilities, lacks gut

Ectoprocta

bryzoans

Brachiopoda

Brachiopods or lamp shells

Bryzoans (Moss animals)

Form colonies that contains millions of zooids and fossilize well

Brachipoda (Lamp shells)

Marine “worm” with dorsal and ventral shell. Part chitin and carbonate or phosphate. shells on top of a pedicle

Brachiopoda Shell material

Part chitin and carbonate or phosphate.

Permian-Triassic Extinction

The loss of shell diversity of brachiopods

Late Permian extinction

Extinction of Rugose Corals

Late Triassic Extinction

Extinction of Donularids

Nemertea

Ribbon worms, unsegemented worm, free living and most are predatory. 5mm-30meters long

Annelida (Segmented worms)

1mm-3 meters, asexual and sexual reproduction, terrestial,freshwater, and marine

Annelida Classes

Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, Hirudinea

Oligochaeta

Mostly terrestial, also freshwater and marine

Polychaeta

Primarily Marine and few terrestial, has a parapodia (False leg)

Whale Fall Communities

Scavengers at an abyssal depth that feed on whales

Hirudinea (Leeches)

Terrestial and freshwater, some are predatory other are haemophagic.

Hirudin

anticoagulant peptide

sephilization

formation of the head

Germ Layers of Radiata

diploblastic endo and ectoderm

Germ Layers of Bilatera

triploblastic, endo meso,a dn ectoderm

Eucoelomate

true body cavity

Eight cell stage

division within protostomes, spiral and detereminate

Archentron

Early digestive track

Deuterostome

Mouth formed second, radial and indeterminate cells

Protostome

mouth formed first

Obelia

has both polyp and medusa stage

Planaria

aquatic, non-parasitic, primitive nervous system and incomplete digestive system

Planarian regneration

if cut will regen in a week at max can be cut 279 times

Schistosoma

blood flukes

hematuria

blood in the urine symptom of schistosomiasis

Ecdysis

a shedding process of the Nematoda

Hookwarm

parastitcic worm

Trichina

form cysts in muscle tissue

filarial worm

hide in the lymphatic system and backs up lymp in the tissues in the body.

Pin worms

disease of Industrialised nations transmitted by children. Live in colon and lays eggs at night. causes itchiness

rotifers

smallest animals, diploid egg produced by parthenogenisis. if males are produced theyre haploid and have half the genetic material.

Arthropoda

Arachnida, Crustacea, Diplopoda, Chilopoda, and Insecta

Arachinida

spiders,ticks,mites,scorpions eight legged animals

Crustacea

lobsters, crayfish

Diplopoda

milipedes

Chilopoda

Centipedes posionous

Insecta

insects 6 legged animals

Metamorphisis

change in physical form

Holothuroidea

sea cumcumbers

Ophiuroidea

brittle stars

Crinoidea

sea lillies

asteroidea

sea stars

Echinoidea

sea urchins

Invertibrates in Chordates

Urochordata and Cephalochordata

Vertebrata in Chorodates

Agnathans, Chonodrichythes, Osteichtyes, Amphiba, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia

Diapsid Skull

Reptiles, snakes, crocodilians, aves. two holes on skull

Anapsid Skull

turtles no holes

Synapsid Skull

Mammalike reptiles, mammals, lower hole

Euryapsid Skull

one hole upper found i prehistoric animals

Quadrate

bones that move to sense vibration and gives hearing

Occipital Condyles

boney structure around opening to vision center in the back of skull

Nitrogenous Waste

Ammonia, Urea, And Uric acid