KINE240: Ch. 9, Cardiac System

valvul/o

valve

atri/o

atrium

sept/o

septum, wall

atrium

upper chamber

atrial fibrillation

quivering of the atria

quivering

fast contractions

A Fib

atrial afibrillation

valvulotomy

incision into the valve

valvulitis

inflammation of the valve

atrial septal defect (ASD)

hole between the atria

ventricular septum disorder (VSD)

a hole between the ventricles

septoplasty

surgical repair of a septum

valve

located between atriums and ventricles, preventing retrograde blood flow so blood moves forward

ventricul/o

ventricle

cardi/o

heart

coron/o

heart (from Latin meaning “crown”)

ventriculostomy

incision into the ventricle

cardiology

study of the heart

cardiac arrest

the heart is not beating

myocarditis

inflammation of the heart muscles

my/o

muscle

arteries

carries blood away from the heart

veins

carries blood back to the heart

capillaries

connect arteries and veins

tricuspid valve

connects right atrium and ventricle

bicuspid valve

connects left atrium and ventricle, also called mitral valve

mitral valve

connects left atrium and ventricle, also called bicuspid valve

pulmonary artery

large valve between the ventricle and the large artery, prevents retrograde flow from the heart to the lungs, also called semilunar valves

aortic valve

large valve between the ventricle and the large artery, prevents retrograde blood flow once blood leaves the heart and enters the body

aort/o

artery from left ventricle to system circulation (blood leaves from the heart to the rest of the body)

aortolith

stone in the aorta

arteri/o

artery

arteriosclerosis

hardening of the arteries

ather/o

fatty plaque

phleb/o

vein

ven/o

vein

phlebotomy

incision into a vein, draws blood

venospasm

constriction of a vein

arteriosclerosis

a type of vascular disease where the blood vessels carrying oxygen away from the heart (arteries) become damaged from factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes and certain genetic influences

atherosclerosis

thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery; deposits of fat

pectoralgia

pain in the chest (not necessarily due to the heart)

pector-

chest

angina pectoris

pain in the heart due to irregular blood flow to the heart

palpitation

rapid or irregular heart rate

arrhythmia

irregular heart beat

dysrhythmia

irregular heart beat

hemorrhage

loss of blood

blue and pale skin color

due to poor perfusion (could be due to ischemia)

pulse, heart rate

felt in the arteries, used to measure heart rate and determine strength of flow

HR

heart rate

blood pressure

felt in arteries due to the systole and diastole of the heart

systole

contraction

diastole

relaxation

S1

first sound of the heart, caused by the atrioventricular valves closing (“lubb)

S2

second sound of the heart, caused by the semilunar valves closing (“dubb”)

electrocardiogram

electrical record of electrical activity

ECG

electrocardiogram

EKG

electrocardiogram

echocardiogram

ultrasound of the heart to see heart function (valves opening and closing, blood flow)

-ectasia

dilation of a vessel

occlusion

cutoff in flow

embolus

floating material observed in an angiogram, mass of matter in the vein that is moving

cardiomegaly

enlarged heart, sequelae due to high blood pressure (myocardium forced to work harder to overcome greater pressure)

bradycardia

slower heart rate

tachycardia

quicker heart rate

murmur

abnormal heart sound

cyanosis

blue skin

cardiotoxic

poisonous to the heart

vena cava

a large diameter vein that brings blood from the body back to the heart

superior vena cava

blood from above the diaphragm to the heart

inferior vena cava

blood from below the diaphragm

angiopoiesis

formation of the blood vessels

angiogenesis

formation of the blood vessels

angiolith

stone forming in a vessel

aortectasia

widening of the aorta, an aneurysm

aortic stenosis

narrowing of the aorta

arteriorrhexis

rupture of an artery

atherogenesis

formation of fatty plaque

atherosclerosis

fatty plaques, leads to hardening of the artery

embolism

having an embolus

clot

stationary matter blocking flow in a vessel

ischemia

reduction of blood flow, low oxygen

thrombus

clot

varicose veins

enlarged, dilated veins in surface veins

venostasis

trapping of blood in the extremities (blood is stationary)

aortogram

taking x-ray record of the aorta

venogram

taking x-ray record of the veins

angioscope

device to look inside a vessel

vascular endoscopy

process of viewing inside a blood vessel

cardiac catheterization

diagnostic procedure in which a tube is placed in the heart

sonography

ultrasound waves to view

echocardiogram

ultrasound waves to image

echocardiography

ultrasound waves to image, process of recording

electrocardiography

recording the electrical activity of the heart

systolic pressure

occurs during ventricular contraction, 120 mmHg

diastolic pressure

during ventricular relaxation, 80 mmHg

sphygmomanometer

cuff and meter to measure blood pressure

normotension

normal circulation/blood pressure

hypertension

high blood pressure (\> 130 mmHg systolic, 80mmHg diastolic)

hypotension

low blood pressure (< 90mmHg systolic, 60mmHg diastolic)