Med Term // Exam 5 // Musculoskeletal System

oste- (ossi-)

bone

fract-

break

scoli-

twisted, crooked

crani-

skull, cranium

vertebr-

vertebra

spondyl-

spinal column, vertebra

rachi-

vertebral column

cervic-

neck

cost-

rib

cost-

rib

stern-

breastbone

pelv-

pelvis

ili-

ilium (hipbone)

lumb-

loin, lower back

sacr-

sacrum

caud-

tail

coccyg-

tailbone

carp-

wrist

dactyl-

finger, toe

digit-

finger, toe

phalang-

finger bonesh

hallux

big toe

tars-

ankle area

calc-

heel

ped-

foot, leg

pod-

foot, leg

acro-

tip, extremity

brachi-

arm

axill-

armpit area

femor-

femur (leg)

patell-

knee cap

condyl-

elbow, protuberance

myel-

bone marrow

arthr-

joint

articul-

joint

burs-

fluid filled sac

chondr-

cartilage

lig-

tie, bind

ten- (tens-, tend-)

stretch

spas-

pull, draw

tract-

pull, draw

ton-

tension

sthen-

strength

kines-

motion

my-

muscle

muscul-

muscle

leiomyo-

smooth muscle

achondroplasia

condition in which there is a lack of growth at the ends of long bones covered with cartilage; may produce a form of dwarfism

arthralgia

condition of pain in a joint

arthrosclerosis

stiffness/hardening of joints

bunion

protrusion on the surface of the foot near the joint of the big or small toe

chondromalacia

softening of cartilage

coxa plana

disease condition in which the head of the femur, part of the hip joint, becomes flattened

exostosis

condition in which there is excessive outward formation of bone, forming a protuberance

fibrous dysplasia

abnormal formation in which fibrous tissue replaces bone tissue

genu varum

bowlegged

hypochondroplasia

type of Dwarfism caused by too little formation of cartilage

kyphosis

a hump on the back; a condition caused by posterior curvature of the lumbar region

lordosis

abnormal anterior curvature or sway-back condition

lumbago

condition of pain in the lower back

multiple myeloma

multiple tumors of the bone marrow, which replace normal bone cells

myeloma

tumor composed of cells derived from hematopoietic tissues of the bone marrow

osteitis deformans

inflammation of bone that results in deformity of bony structures

osteoarthritis

inflammation of bone at the joint

osteochondritis

inflammation of bone and cartilage

osteoclasia

condition in which the bone is destroyed; surgical fracture of bone to remedy deformity

osteogenesis imperfecta

disease in which production of bone is imperfect

osteogenic sarcoma

tumor of connective tissue arising in bone

osteoma

tumor in bone

osteomalacia

bones become soft

osteomyelitis

bones and bone marrow are inflammed

osteoporosis

condition in which bone becomes porous

periostitis

inflammation of the periosteum

scoliosis

a spinal column that is bent from side to side

spondylitis

inflammation of the spine

syndactylism

condition in which the fingers or toes have grown together

synovitis

inflammation of a synovial membrane, especially that of a joint

talipes calcaneus

condition in which the foot touches the floor only at the heel bone

talipes valgus

joints of the foot are turned outward

talipes varu

joints of the foot are turned inward

ankylosing spondylitis

condition in which the joints of the spine become crooked, causing inflammation

ankylosis

condition in which a joint become crooked; abnormal fixation of a joint due to pathological changes

arthralgia

pain in the joints

arthritis

inflammation of the joints

bursitis

inflammation of the bursa

degenerative joint disease

disease of joints that results from a deterioration of tissue

dislocation

displacement of a bone from its normal location within a joint

gout

a from of acute arthritis characterized by inflammation of the first metatarsal joint of the great toe

rheumatoid arthritis

inflammation in a joint; from the humoral theory of diseases implicating a change in the flow of body fluid as the cause of disease

tendonitis

inflammation of a tendon

bradykinesia

condition of decreased speed/slowness of movement

dyskinesia

difficulty in performing voluntary movements

fibromyoitis

inflammation of muscle and fibrous tissue

hemiplegia

paralysis of one-half of the body, either right or left side

myasthenia gravis

muscle weakness of a very grave type

muscle atrophy

lack of muscle growth

muscle hypertrophy

excessive growth or enlargement of muscle

muscular dystrophy

weakening, degeneration, or abnormal development of muscle

myalgia

muscle pain

myasthenia gravis

severe weakness of muscles due to a lack of receptors for acetylcholine; autoimmune disease