Social 20 Final (copy)

Alienation

the experience of feeling left out or being on the outside. People who choose one strong loyalty over another risk alienation form an important part of their identity and from sharing in the collective consciousness of their group

Appeasement

Giving into demands. Britain and the USA practised this foreign policy by granting Hitler concessions in an effort to avoid WW2

Bilateralism

agreements between two countries to work toward resolving issues that concern both countries

civic nation

a nation created by people regardless of their ethnicity, culture, and language\-- who agree to live according to particular vales and beliefs expressed as the rule of law

collective consciousness

an internal consciousness or awareness shared by many people. It may be based on a shared memory or and pride in specific events, which become myths and symbols of belonging

collective security

the condition of protecting all members of a group or collective from danger. The united nations tries to ensure the collective security of all member states

common human heritage

the cultural inheritance from the past that all people share and that is preserved in world heritage sites, traditional skills, and knowledge, and the arts

conscription

compulsory military service. In Canada during WW1&WW2, the policy was controversial, especially among Franco-phones in Quebec

Contending loyalties

loyalties that compete. People sometimes need to choose among various loyalties based on their commitment to those loyalties

Cosmopolitan

borrowing, adapting, and adopting values from many cultures

crimes against humanity

widespread or systematic attacks against a civilian population, including murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, imprisonment, torture, rape or sexual slavery, enforced disappearance of persons and the crime of apartheid.

cultural pluralism

a belief or doctrine that holds that collectives should be encouraged to affirm and promote their unique cultural identity in a diverse society.

decolonization

the process that occurs in a former colony when an imperial power withdraws. Decolonized countries can exercise sovereignty under international law and can join the united nations

domestic policy

a plan of action that guides a governments decisions about what to do within a country. In Canada, domestic policy decisions may include changing federal laws, settling aboriginal land claims, and spending tax revenues.

economic nationalists

people who believe that a country's businesses and industries should be protected against foreign interests.

Economic sanctions

the action of cutting off trade with a country in an effort to force it to follow a particular course of action

equalization payments

revenues from federal taxes that are paid by the Canadian government to less prosperous provinces to ensure that public services are more or less equally available to all Canadians

ethnic

racial, cultural, or linguistic characteristics. Many nations come into being because people share a collective identity based on ethnic characteristics.

ethnic cleansing

a term that is used to make more socially acceptable the murder or expulsion of an ethnic nation from a territory

ethnic nationalism

nationalism that is founded on shared ethnicity, culture, and language. People who share these traits may choose to create a nation-state based on their collective identity

federalists

people who support a federal system of government. In Canada, people who oppose Quebec sovereignty and believe that Quebec should remain a Canadian province, ensuring its place in Confederation (confederation means to be a part of the country).

foreign policy

a plan of actions that guides a government's decisions about its official relations with other countries. Also known as foreign affairs or external relations.

genocide

the killing of members of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; and deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction.

gross domestic product

the value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year

Holocaust

the English term used to describe the genocide of about six million Jews by the Nazis during WW2

Inflation

a rise in prices accompanied by a drop in the purchasing power of money. Increases in the price of goods and services can threaten the economic security and interests of people in a region or country

inherent right

the right to self-determination that exists for Aboriginal peoples in Canada because they occupied the land and governed themselves for thousands of years before Europeans arrived in North America

institution

an organization established for and united by a specific purpose. Institutions provide services such as social assistance, education, and cultural events. They also often use national symbols and stories to define their identity and promote a sense of belonging.

international

between countries or nation-states. Nation-states may co-operate with one another to promote peace and security, trade, health, human rights, and the protection of endangered peoples and cultures.

internationalism

the doctrine that all members of the global community accept collective responsibility for the challenges that face the world and that the motives of nations and nation-states must be respected in the search for solutions.

Isolationism

a policy whereby a country completely opts out of participating in international social, economic, political, and military affairs.

multiculturalism

a belief, doctrine, or policy that embraces the idea of ethnic or cultural diversity and promotes a culturally pluralistic society

multilateralism

a policy that involves several countries working together to meet challenged and solve problems. The United Nations is multilateral in nation

national interest

the interests of the people of a nation. national interest may include economic prosperity, security and safety, and beliefs and values.

nation-state

a country that has physical borders and a single government. Nation-states may be based on ethnic nationalism or civic nationalism or a combination of both.

needs

the basic elements\---food,water,shelter, health\---that humans require for survival

non-nationalist loyalty

a loyalty that is not embedded in the idea of nation. People may be loyal to and identify with family, friends, a region, an idea, a collective or a group, a way of life, and a culture.

odious debt

a debt that is incurred by a despotic power, not to meet the needs of the people of the country but to strengthen the despotic regime. (A tyrannical/despotic ruler wields absolute power and authority, and often wields that power unjustly, cruelly, or oppressively.) regime

patriated

transferred from the control of the British government to that of the Canadian government. The patriated Canadian Constitution of 1982 gave the provinces more rights and powers than they had under the British North America Act of 1867. BASICALLY it is the political process that led to Canada's sovereignty

patriotism

love of country and an interest in its well-being. A sense of loyalty that may be expressed in various ways.

peacekeepers

armed forces who maintain peace by keeping enemies apart until a crisis can be resolved through diplomacy and negotiation

peaceMAKING

allowing armed forces that were originally sent to maintain peace in a region of conflict to use force for reasons other than self defence

pluralism

a belief or doctrine that a society should reflect an inclusive approach that encourages diversity. It assumes that diversity is beneficial and that diverse groups, whether these are cultural, religious, spiritual, ideological, gender, linguistic, environmental, or philosophical, should enjoy autonomy (a self-governing country or region.
plural noun: autonomies
freedom from external control or influence; independence).

ideological

an adjective that describes political, cultural, or religious beliefs. An ideology is a body of ideas, and those who agree with the main idea of something take an ideological stand to support it.

policy

a plan of action that has been deliberately chose to guide or influence future decisions

propoganda

information and ideas that are spread to achieve a specific goal. Extreme nationalists may use misleading and dishonest information to create fear and insecurity and persuade people to behave in certain ways

reasonable accomodation

a legal and constitutional concept that requires Canadian public institutions to adapt to the religious and cultural practices of minorities as long as these practices do not violate constitutional rights and freedoms.

reconcilation

an act of resolving differences and repairing relationships that enables peoples to come in terms with past injustices and to coexist in peace

responsible government

a government that answers to the people rather than to colonial governors. The concept was introduced in Canada by Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine and Robert Baldwin in the 1840's

responsibility to protect

a doctrine that says the united nations must protect people within a state when that state violates or fails to uphold the rights and welfare of its own citizens.

doctrine

1) a stated principle of government policy, mainly in foreign or military affairs.
2)a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a church, political party, or other group

rhetoric

the art of shaping language to influence the thoughts and actions of an audience

royal commission

an independent public inquiry established by governments to examine complicated issues, hear testimony from people involved, and recommend ways of achieving a resolution

segregation

the forced separation of racial groups. Extreme loyalty to one racial group can lead to separate schools and living areas for racial minorities and eventually to ultra-nationalism and persecution of those minorities.

self-determination

the power to control one's own affairs. National self-determination is the power of people within a nation-state or nation to make their own decisions about what is in their interest.

sovereignists

in Canada, people who support the idea of Quebec's becoming an independent nation-state that can control its own destiny.

sovereignty

the political authority to control one's own affairs/ Sovereignty may be distinguished from, and can sometimes conflict with, self determination, which is a peoples right to control their own affairs.

successor state

a country created from a precious state. By international law, the people who lived in the predecessor state have a right to nationality in the successor state or to choose their nationality if the predecessor state is divided into more than one state.

supranationalism

a policy by which countries agree to abide by the decisions of an international organization made up of independent appointed officials or representatives elected by member states

tied aid

help that is given with strings attached. These strings may include agreements that the country receiving the aid will buy goods and services only from the country or organization supplying the aid

trickle-down effect

the theory that when people in developed countries have more money to spend, they will buy the goods and services offered by business in less developed countries and that this spending will eventually help strengthen economies in the developing world.

ultranationalism

an extreme form of nationalism. ultra-nationalists are often fanatically loyal to their own national and hostile and racist toward other nations.

unilateralism

the policy of a country responding to events on its own without agreements with, or support, from, other countries

wants

things that people desire, regardless of whether the desired object contributes to their survival

war crimes

wilful killing, torture, or inhuman treatment; wilfully causing great suffering and intentionally directing attacks against a civilian population or against those who are involved in a humanitarian or peacekeeping mission.

Land Claims

Enabled INDIANS, INUIT and MÉTIS to obtain full recognition of their rights under treaties or as the original inhabitants of what is now Canada.

Linguistic Identity

language as a characteristic of identity

Nation

a politically organized body of people under a single government

Reconciliation

agreement after a quarrel

Revolution

a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.

Collectivization

The process seen in the Soviet Union and Communist China to form communal work units for agriculture and manufacturing--from private hands to large, collective, government operations.

Fascism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

Gross National Income (GNI)

the income of a nation calculated based on goods and services produced, plus income earned by citizens and corporations headquartered in that country

Holodomor

a man-made famine-genocide in which the USSR starved the people of Ukraine; killed millions

Internment Camps

Detention centers where more than 100,000 Japanese Americans were relocated during World War II by order of the President.

Militarism

glorification of the military

Nuremberg Trials

A series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II, in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity.

per capita

per person

Plebicite

vote of the people

Referendum

a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate

Refugees

People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.

War Measures Act

an Act that gives the federal government emergency powers during wartime, including the right to detain people without laying charges

absolute poverty

a lack of resources that is life-threatening

civil society

Organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interests

economic stability

A situation in which there is economic growth, rising national income, high employment, and steadiness in the general level of prices.

Globalization

growth to a global or worldwide scale

International Law

The law that governs relations among nations.

Protectionism

Economic policy of shielding an economy from imports.

relative poverty

the lack of resources of some people in relation to those who have more

Sovereignty

supreme power or authority

1763 Royal Proclamation

dealt with North American territories surrendered by France to the British, and included detailed provisions regarding the relations between British and Indigenous inhabitants.

1969 White Paper

- Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and Minister of Indian Affairs Jean Chretien proposed to end special relationship between IPs and the Canadian state
- sought to repeal Indian Act and dismantle Indian Affairs

asymmetrical federalism

A form of federalism in which some subnational units in the federal system have greater or lesser powers than others.

Clifford Sifton

Canada's Minister of the Interior who's task was to "fill up the West" with new immigrants

conquest

the defeat of another group

Conscription Crisis

needed more men, Military Service Act was the draft, split the English and french speakers even more

Distinct Society

a phrase that refers to the recognition of the unique nature of Quebec within Canada; it often has the sense that Quebec should have special powers and privileges to protect its language and culture

FNMI

First Nations, Metis, Inuit

Indian Act

federal legislation related to the rights and status of First Nations peoples ("status Indians"), first passed in 1876 and amended several times

Lafontaine and Baldwin

had vision of Canada as bilingual, bicultural, with responsible government