World i aint survivng this

AP world 1-8

Analects

The teachings of Confucius (551-479 B.C.E.) compiled by his disciples.

Confucianism

Philosophy, based on the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Kong Fuzi (551-479 B.C.E.), or Confucius, that emphasizes order, the role of the gentleman, obligation to society, and reciprocity.

Dao

Key element in Chinese philosophy that means the "way of nature" or the "way of the cosmos."

Daoism

Chinese philosophy with origins in the Zhou dynasty; it is associated with legendary philosopher Laozi, and it called for a policy of inaction.

Han Dynasty

Chinese dynasty that ruled an expanding empire with a large bureaucracy based upon Legalist and Confucian values. The empire taxed agriculture and trade and raised large armies to colonize Vietnam, Korea, and the Xiongnu territory.

Legalism

Chinese philosophy from the Zhou dynasty that called for harsh suppression of the common people.

Li

Confucian concept, a sense of propriety.

Patriarchy

System of social organization in which males dominate the family and where public institutions, descent, and succession are traced through the male line.

Qin

Chinese dynasty (221-207 B.C.E.) that was founded by Qin Shihuangdi and was marked by the first unification of China and the early construction of defensive walls.

Ren

The Confucian value of propriety, courtesy, respect, and deference to elders.

Wuwei

Daoist concept of a disengagement from the affairs of the world.

Xianyang

Capital city of Qin empire.

Xiao

Confucian concept of respect for one's parents and ancestors.

Yellow Turban Uprising

A revolt against the land distribution policies of the Han dynasty (25-220 C.E.).

Zhuangzi

A compendium of Daoist philosophy.

Achaemenid empire

First great Persian empire (558-330 B.C.E.), which began under Cyrus and reached its peak under Darius.

Ahura Mazda

Main god of Zoroastrianism who represented truth and goodness and was perceived to be in an eternal struggle with the malign spirit Angra Mainyu.

Ancestor Worship

Belief that dead ancestors can influence one's fortunes in life. Those who practice often conduct rituals and ceremonies to the memory or remains of their ancestors.

Avesta

Book that contains the holy writings of Zoroastrianism.

Gathas

Zoroastrian works believed to be compositions by Zarathustra.

Indo-Europeans

Series of tribes from southern Russia who, over a period of millennia, embarked on a series of migrations from India through western Europe; their greatest legacy was the broad distribution of Indo-European languages throughout Eurasia.

Macedon

A frontier state north of the Greek peninsula.

Magi

Those who preserved the teachings of Zarathustra in writing.

Medes

Indo-European branch that settled in northern Persia and eventually fell to another branch, the Persians, in the sixth century.

Parsis

Indian Zoroastrians.

Parthians

Parthians Persian dynasty (247 B.C.E.-224 C.E.) that reached its peak under Mithradates I.

Perseopolis

New capital of the Persian Empire established under the reign of Darius in 520 B.C.E.

Qanat

Persian underground canal.

Sasanids

Later powerful Persian dynasty (224-651) that would reach its peak under Shapur I and later fall to Arabic expansion.

Satraps

Persian administrators, usually members of the royal family, who governed a satrapy.

Seleucids

Persian empire (323-83 B.C.E.) founded by Seleucus after the death of Alexander the Great.

Zarathustra

Persian prophet (ca. 628-551 B.C.E.) who founded Zoroastrianism.

Zoroastrianism

Persian religion based on the teaching of the sixth-century-B.C.E. prophet Zarathustra; its emphasis on the duality of good and evil and on the role of individuals in determining their own fate would influence later religions.

Ancestor Worship

Belief that dead ancestors can influence one's fortunes in life. Those who practice often conduct rituals and ceremonies to the memory or remains of their ancestors.

Austronesians

People who, by as early as 2000 B.C.E., began to explore and settle islands of the Pacific Ocean basin.

Chavín cult

Mysterious but very popular South American religion (1000--300 B.C.E.).

Lapita

Society from New Guinea to Tonga (1500-500 B.C.E.) with agricultural villages, networks of trade and communication, and hierarchical chiefdoms.

Maya

Brilliant Central American society (300-1100) known for math, astronomy, and a sophisticated written language.

Mochica

Pre-Incan South American society (300-700) known for their brilliant ceramics.

Olmecs

Early Central American society (1200-100 B.C.E.) that centered around sites at San Lorenzo, La Venta, and Tres Zapotes and that influenced later Maya.

Popol Vuh

Mayan creation epic.

Teotihuacan

Central American society (200 B.C.E.-750 C.E.); its Pyramid of the Sun was the largest structure in Mesoamerica.

Tikal

Maya political center from the fourth through the ninth centuries.

Venta, La

Early Olmec center (800-400 B.C.E.).

Yucatan

Peninsula in Central America, home of the Maya.

Ancestor Worship

Belief that dead ancestors can influence one's fortunes in life. Those who practice often conduct rituals and ceremonies to the memory or remains of their ancestors.

Book of Changes

Example of Zhou literature, this book serves as a manual of diviners.

Book of History

A book detailing the history of the Zhou dynasty.

Book of Rites

Zhou book explaining the rules of etiquette and rituals required of aristocrats in China under the Zhou dynasty.

Book of Songs

The most notable example of Zhou literature, this work is a collection of verses.

Bronze

Material made from copper and tin used for weapons and agricultural tools.

Indo-Europeans

Series of tribes from southern Russia who, over a period of millennia, embarked on a series of migrations from India through western Europe; their greatest legacy was the broad distribution of Indo-European languages throughout Eurasia.

Mandate of Heaven

Chinese belief that the emperors ruled through the mandate, or approval, of heaven contingent on their ability to look after the welfare of the population.

Oracle bones

Chinese Shang dynasty (1766-1122 B.C.E.) means of foretelling the future.

Patriarchy

System of social organization in which males dominate the family and where public institutions, descent, and succession are traced through the male line.

Shang Dynasty

Chinese kingdom (1766-1122 B.C.E.) in which agricultural surpluses supported large armies and a large network of walled towns.

Tian

Chinese term for heaven.

Xia

Chinese dynasty (2200-1766 B.C.E.) that is known mainly from legend.

Xinjiang

Western Chinese province.

Yangshao

Early Chinese society (2500-2200 B.C.E.).

Yangzi

River in central China.

Yellow River

Important river in ancient China named for the loess soil carried by the river. While "China's Sorrow" has flooded extensively, the loess provided rich soil to work.

Yu

Legendary founder of the Xia dynasty (ca. 2200 B.C.E.).

Zhou

Chinese dynasty (1122-256 B.C.E.) that was the foundation of Chinese thought formed during this period: Confucianism, Daoism, Zhou Classics.

Aryans

European tribes who settled in India after 1500 B.C.E.; their union with indigenous Dravidians formed the basis of Hinduism.

Brahmins

Hindu caste of priests.

Dravidians

Peoples who produced the brilliant Harappan society in India, 3000-1500 B.C.E.

Harappan

Early brilliant Indian society centered around Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.

Harappan

Early brilliant Indian society centered around Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.

Indra

Early Indian god associated with the Aryans; Indra was the king of the gods and was associated with warfare and thunderbolts.

Jati

Indian word for a Hindu subcaste.

Karma

Hindu concept that the sum of good and bad in a person's life will determine his or her status in the next life.

Kshatriyas

Hindu caste of warriors and aristocrats.

Lawbook of Manu

A moral code prepared in the first century B.C.E. in India dictating the role of women in Indian society.

Moksha

Hindu concept of the salvation of the soul.

Neolithic

New Stone Age (10,000-4000 B.C.E.), which was marked by the discovery and mastery of agriculture.

Prakit

Daily-use language of the early Aryans.

Samsara

Hindu term for the concept of transmigration, that is, the soul passing into a new incarnation.

Sanskrit

Sacred language of the early Aryans

Sati

Also known as suttee, Indian practice of a widow throwing herself on the funeral pyre of her husband.

Shudras

Hindu caste of landless peasants and serfs.

Upanishads

Indian reflections and dialogues (800-400 B.C.E.) that reflected basic Hindu concepts.

Vaishyas

Hindu caste of cultivators, artisans, and merchants.

Varna

Hindu word for caste.

Varuna

Aryan god who watched over the behavior of mortals and preserved the cosmic order.

Vedas

"Wisdom," early collections of prayers and hymns that provide information about the Indo-European Aryans who migrated into India around 1500 B.C.E.; Rig Veda is most important collection.

Ahmosis

Egyptian pharaoh (c. 1500 B.C.E.), founder of the New Kingdom.

Amon-Re

Egyptian god, combination of the sun god Re and the air god Amon.

Ancestor Worship

Belief that dead ancestors can influence one's fortunes in life. Those who practice often conduct rituals and ceremonies to the memory or remains of their ancestors.

Aten

Monotheistic god of Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaton (r. 1353-1335 B.C.E.) and arguably the world's first example of monotheism.

Bantu

African peoples who originally lived in the area of present-day Nigeria; around 2000 B.C.E. they began a centuries-long migration that took them to most of sub-Saharan Africa; the Bantu were very influential, especially linguistically.

Bronze

Material made from copper and tin used for weapons and agricultural tools.

Cult of Osiris

Osiris becomes associated with the Nile, crops, mortality, and immortality after his wife, Isis, gathers his fallen body and allows the gods to restore him to life in the underworld.

Hieroglyphics

Ancient Egyptian written language.

Hyksos (HICK-sohs)

Invaders who seized the Nile delta and helped bring an end to the Egyptian Middle Kingdom.

Iron

Material used for weapons and tools that became cheap and more widely available around 1000 B.C.E.

Kush

Nubian African kingdom that conquered and controlled Egypt from 750 to 664 B.C.E.

Nubia

Area south of Egypt; the kingdom of Kush in Nubia invaded and dominated Egypt from 750 to 664 B.C.E.

Osiris

Ancient Egyptian god that represented the forces of nature.

Patriarchy

System of social organization in which males dominate the family and where public institutions, descent, and succession are traced through the male line.