3 - BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY I

BLOOD

connective tissue consisting of cells and cell fragments surrounded by a liquid matrix

CELL, CELL FRAGMENT

blood is a connective tissue consisting of \___________

LIQUID MATRIX

blood is a type of connective tissue surrounded by a \________

RED BLOOD CELL, WHITE BLOOD CELL, PLATELET

cell and cell fragments in blood consists of

8%

blood is \_____ of TBW

5x

blood is \_____ thicker than water

5 L

average blood volume

5-6 L

average male blood volume

4-5 L

average female blood volume

ACID & BASE BALANCE, TEMPERATURE LEVEL, OXYGEN TRANSPORT, OSMOSIS, NUTRIENT DELIVERY, PROTECTION, HORMONE TRANSPORT

functions of blood

BUFFER SYSTEM

blood is a \_______ because it balances acid and base

RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS, RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS, METABOLIC ALKALOSIS, METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

blood prevents \_______ by balancing acid and base

INCREASED TEMPERATURE

increased blood causes what in temperature

VASOCONSTRICTION, VASODILATION

blood levels temperature through

WHITE BLOOD CELL

blood serves as protection through

45%

formed elements is \______ of blood

ERYTHROCYTE

red blood cell or

LEUKOCYTE

white blood cell or

THROMBOCYTE

platelets or

95%

\_____ of formed elements in the blood are erythrocytes

4-5%

\_____ of formed elements in the blood are WBC

\_____ of formed elements in the blood are platelets

5%

plasma is \_____ of TBW

55%

plasma is \____ of blood

WATER, PROTEIN, WASTE PRODUCT, ION, NUTRIENT, GAS

plasma compositions

91%

water is \_____ of plasma

7%

proteins are \_____ of plasma

ALBUMIN, GLOBULIN, FIBRINOGEN

proteins in plasma

58%

albumin is \____ of protein plasma

38%

globulin is \_____ of protein plasma

4%

fibrinogen is \____ of protein plasma

ALBUMIN

most abundant plasma protein

COLLAGEN

albumin contains

COLLAGEN

most abundant protein in the body

EGG WHITE

food rich in albumin

ALBUMIN

transporter protein

GLOBULIN

plasma protein that participates in immunity

FIBRINOGEN

clotting factor

CLOT FORMATION, BLOOD COAGULATION

fibrinogen is important for

5.2-6.5 millions/mm3

normal male RBC count

4.5-5.5 millions/mm3

normal female RBC count

HEMOGLOBIN

carries oxygen in the blood

IRON

hemoglobin carries oxygen through

13-18 g/dL

normal male hemoglobin

12-16 g/dL

normal female hemoglobin

16 g/dL

average male hemoglobin

14 g/dL

average female hemoglobin

hemoglobin contraindicated to exercise

HEMATOCRIT

percentage of RBC in blood

42-52%

normal male hematocrit

37-47%

normal female hematocrit

hematocrit contraindicated to exercise

ERYTHOCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE

hallmark for inflammation

normal male ESR

normal female ESR

5000-10000/mm3

normal WBC count

WBC count contraindicated to exercise

150000-450000/mm3

normal platelet count

platelet count contraindicated to exercise

20000-50000/mm3

platelet count for light exercise

1-6 minutes

normal bleeding time

6-10 minutes

normal clotting time

RED BLOOD CELL

part of blood that is important for oxygen transport

120 days

lifespan of RBC

SPLEEN

graveyard of RBC

BICONCAVE DISC

shape of RBC

2.5 by 7.2 micrometers

size of RBC

ANUCLEATED

RBC has no nucleus

LITTLE TO NONE

number of organelles in RBC

PLIABLE

characteristic of RBC that allows it to pass through capillaries more easily

PLURIPOTENTIAL HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL

all formed elements of RBC are derived from

HEMOCYTOBLAST

PHSC or

ERYTHROPOIESIS

process of RBC formation

ERYTHROPOIETIN

principal stimulus for RBC formation

BONE MARROW

where RBC is formed

90%

erythropoietin produced by the kidneys

10%

erythropoietin produced by the liver

PROERYTHROBLAST, BASOPHIL ERYTHROBLAST, RETICULOCYTE, ERYTHROCYTE

stages of erythropoiesis

PROERYTHROBLAST

first stage of erythropoiesis

BASOPHIL ERYTHROBLAST

first generation cell in RBC formation

RETICULOCYTE

young RBC

ANUCLEATED

immature RBCs are

ERYTHROCYTE

mature RBC

2-3 days

length of reticulocyte to become erythrocyte

HEMATOPOIESIS

formation of blood

YOLK SAC

producers of blood during 1st trimester

LIVERY, THYMUS, SPLEEN, LYMPH NODE

producers of blood during 2nd trimester

LIVER

main producers of blood during 2nd trimester

BONE MARROW

producers of blood during 3rd trimester

BONE MARROW

producers of blood after birth

BONE MARROW DISEASE, HIGH ALTITUDE, TISSUE HYPOXIA, CIRCULATORY DISEASE, HEMORRHAGE

factors that increase RBC formation

DECREASED OXYGEN

higher altitude causes

BLEEDING

hemorrhage or

VITAMIN B12, FOLIC ACID, IRON

vitamins for RBC formation

CYANOCOBALAMIN

vitamin b12 or

ILEUM

vitamin B12 is best absorbed in

DNA SYNTHESIS

function of vitamin B12

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

absent vitamin B12

PTEROYLGLUTAMIC ACID

synthetic type of folic acid

VITAMIN B9, FOLATE

natural folic acid