[LBOBI12] Protists

Protists

Are single-celled organisms (prokaryotes) and mostly found in freshwater habitats

Protists

It is the most diverse of all the kingdoms

locomotion

In the old system, Protists are classified by ____

Amoeba

(Locomotion)

\
Pseudopodia

Paramecium

(Locomotion)

\
Cilia

Trypanosoma

(Locomotion)

\
Flagella

Either marine and freshwater or in soil

Habitat of amoeba

Pseudopodia

Extensions that can be either tube-like or flat loves and are used for locomotion and feeding

Entamoeba, Acanthamoeba, Naegleria

Represented genera and species Amoebozoa

Trophozoite

The growing and feeding stage of the parasite

Trophozoite

Usually found in the diarrhea stool

fixed

Shape in trophozoite is not ____

colon or large intestine

*Entamoeba histolytica* resides where?

quadri-nucleated

The cyst stage of *Entamoeba histolytica* is?

shape

It is fixed in cyst stage of *Entamoeba histolytica*

Chromatoidal body

It is only present in the cyst of *Entamoeba histolytica*

Cyst

Infective stage of *Entamoeba histolytica*

Phylum Granuloreticulosa

They have slender, granular pseudopods used to capture food than for movement.

calcium carbonate or of sand grains cemented by mucus

What are the shells of Phylum Granuloreticulosa made of?

Pseudopods

These poke out through holes in the test where they may touch and form a ne-like structure to capture food

Phylum Granuloreticulosa

They may contain numerous nuclei and are mostly marine

*Foraminifera*

Representative genus of Phylum Granuloreticulosa

sexual and asexual generations

Life cycle of Phylum Granuloreticulosa

Gamogony

Sexual life cycle of Phylum Granuloreticulosa

Agagomony

Asexual life cycle of Phylum Granuloreticulosa

Phylum Ciliata

They have rows of cilia either all over the body or in specialized areas of the cell surface

Pellicle

Cell covering which consists of two layers of membrane sandwiching a layer of vesicles between them

Cortex

The outermost layer of the cytoplasm

Cortex

Contains a network of protein fibers connecting the basal bodies of the cilia

Presence of two nuclei

Unique feature of all ciliates

Macronucleus

Controls the cell’s growth and contains hundred of copies of the DNA

Micronucleus

It is a small diploid nucleus used during the process of conjugation when genetic material between paramecia is swapped

*Paramecium, Didinium, Balantidium*

Represented genera and species of Phylum Ciliata

Paramecium

Name the specimen

elongated and oval similar to a foot or cigar

Shape of *Paramecium spp.*

Four haploid micronuclei, three of which disintegrate

Meiosis of *Paramecium spp.* produces?

3

How many rounds of mitosis does the macronucleus undergo to produce 8 micronuclei?

4

How many micronuclei turn into macronuclei when the original macronucleus disintegrate?

Didinium

Name the specimen

Didinium

A ciliate known to infect dogs

Didinium

“Shark of the Pond”

Balantidium coli

Name the specimen

Balantidium coli

The only ciliate known to infect humans

Balantidium coli

Ciliate often associated with swine

Phylum Diplomonadida

They are unicellular eukaryotes that have flagella, most of which are parasitic

two haploid nuclei

Diplomonads have ______ that give the cells a face-like appearance

four associated flagella

Each haploid nuclei of Phylum Diplomonadida has ______, arranged symmetrically about the body’s main axis

Giardia

Represented genus of Phylum Diplomonadida

Giardia lambia

Also known as the “old-main wearing glasses”

Giardia lambia

Name the specimen

Cyst

The infected stage of Giardia lambia

Phylum Parabasilida and Kinetoplastida

They are large multi-flagellated unicells with at least two flagella that have different orientations and structures.

Parabasal body

The Phylum Parabasilada is united by the synapomorphy of this large modified golgi; a structure that gives the group its name.

Trichomonas

Represented genus of Phylum Parabasilada

Only trophozoite stage without cyst stage

Development of *Trichomonas vaginalis*

4; 1

How many flagella are free in *T. vaginalis?* How many is/are attached?

Binary fission

Reproduction of *T. vaginalis*

sexual intercourse

*T. vaginalis* is transmitted through?

*Leishmania, Trypanosoma*

Represented genera of Phylum Kinetoplastida

Leishmania spp.

Identify the specimen

sand flies

*Leishmania spp.* is injected by what?

Phagocytic

What kind of cell is the *Leishmania spp.?*

Amastigote

Diagnostic stage of *Leishmania spp.;* seen in humans

Trypanosoma spp.

Name the specimen

Triatomine bug

Source of *Trypanosoma spp.*

Tsetse flies

Injects *Trypanosoma spp.*

parasites

All apicomplexans are ___

life cycles

Phylum Apicomplexa has complicated ____

2 different hosts

Usual number of hosts in Phylum Apicomplexa

Apical complex

Phylum Apicomplexa is named for their ____

Apical Complex

Found on the end of the motile stage used to enter the host.

Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Eimeria, Sarcocystis, Cytoisopora, Babesia, Ctauxzoon, Hepatozoon, Cryptosporidium, and Theileria

Represented genera of Phylum Apicomplexa

*Plasmodium spp.*

Name the specimen

ring

Falciparum shape

Ciliata

Phylum of Didinium

Ciliata

Phylum of Balantidium

Balantidiasis

Common name of Balantidium

Amoebozoa

Phylum of Entamoeba

Amebiasis

Common name of Entamoeba

Granuloreticulosa

Phylum of Foraminifera

Common Ammonia

Common name of Foraminifera

Diplomonadida

Phylum of Giardia

Giardiasis

Common name of Giardia

Kinetoplastida

Phylum of Leishmania

Oriental sore

Common name of Leishmania

Ciliata

Phylum of Paramecium

Slipper

Common name of Paramecium

Apicomplexa

Phylum of Plasmodium

Malaria

Common name of Plasmodium

Parabasilida

Phylum of Trichomonas

Trichomoniasis

Common name of Trichomonas

Kinetoplastida

Phylum of Trypanosoma

African Trypanosomiasis

Common name of Trypanosoma

Cysts

Life Cycle Stages of Didinium

Cysts, Trophozoites

Life Cycle Stages of Balantidium, Amoebozoa, and Giardia

Schizont, Gamont, Zygote, Agamont

Life Cycle Stages of Foraminifera

Metacyclic promastigotes, Amastigotes, Procyclic promastigotes

Life Cycle Stages of Leishmania

Daughter cells

Life Cycle Stages of Paramecium

Sporozoites, merozoites, ring, gametocytes

Life Cycle Stages of Plasmodium

Trophozoites

Life Cycle Stages of Trichomonas