US History Chapters 23-25

GI bill

gave funds to help veterans

demand

prices rose quickly after WWII because there was a greater _____ for goods

taft-hartley act

act that outlawed closed shops and union shops

featherbedding

limiting work output to create more jobs

closed shops

shops that forced business owners to only hire union members

union shops

shops that required new workers to join the union

dixiecrat party

this party wanted segregation

progressive party

this party was liberal democrats who were frustrated by truman’s ineffective domestic policies and were critical of his anti-soviet policy

truman

pres who proposed the fair deal

dynamic conservatism

eisenhower’s idea that balancing economic conservation with activism would benefit the country and business growth was vital to the nation

federal highway act

this act built more than 40,000 miles of interstate highways

st lawrence seaway project

this project involved building locks along the st lawrence river and allowed more ships to pass

extended, raised

Eisenhower ____ social security and unemployment payments, _____ minimum wage, and provided gov aid to farmers

the affluent society

book that stated the US had created a new “economy of abundance”

suburbs

in the 1940s and 50s, americans moved to ______ to escape crime and congestion in the city

baby boom

period after WWII where the birthrate exploded

white collar job

job in an office working for a large corporation

blue collar job

job working in a factory

airplane

travel by _____ became much more affordable after WWII

polio

new major medical advances after the war included CPR, radiation, antibiotics, and ___ vaccines

television

the rise of ______ drew people away from movie theaters

generation gap

the cultural separation between children and their parents in the 1950s, increased with singers such as Elvis Presley

Beats

mostly white writers and artists that criticized the US culture for its sterility and conformity

performers

the TV stations tended to shut out african american _______

inner cities

______ _______ struggled economically in the 1950s because middle-class families had moved to the suburbs, leaving behind the poor and uneducated

urban renewal programs

programs that tried to eliminate poverty by tearing down slums and building new high-rises for poorer residents, but actually created violence and evictions as soon as residents got a higher income

half

after the great migration, AA workers only received ____ of what whites earned

braceros

temporary contract workers in 40s-50s that worked on Southwest farms and ranches but faced discrimination, bad conditions, bad pay, etc.

termination policy

policy when the government withdrew all recognition of NA groups as legal entities and made them subject to the same laws as white citizens

appalachian mountains

region where mechanized coal mining caused massive unemployment leading to nutritional deficiency and bad schooling

crime

juvenile ____ rates increased a lot between 1948 and 1953, blamed children's rebellion, divorce, movies, etc.

math, science

after the SU launched sputnik, the US increased education spending especially in ___ and _____

catholic

Kennedy’s faith was a political issue bc the US had never had a ____ president

youth

many americans were taken by Kennedy’s ____ and optimism

kennedy

pres who had the New frontier program

increase

kennedy wanted to ____ aid for education and provide health insurance to the elderly

republicans, democrats

kennedy’s new frontier ideas faced resistance from ____ and southern ______

more

kennedy wanted to invest ___ funds in space and exploration to stimulate economic growth

cut

kennedy wanted to ___ american taxes to give more money to businesses

redevelopment, housing

the area _____ act and _____ act passed by kennedy built low-income housing in poor areas

presidential commission on the status of women

commission created by kennedy to help with gender discrimination and equal pay

restardation

president’s panel on mental ______ created by kennedy called for funding of research into developmental disabilities and education for them

brown case

case that showed segregated schools were separate but unequal

reapportionment

the method that states used to draw political districts based on population changes

baker v carr

court case that said courts had to consider lawsuits trying to force states to redraw electoral districts

ACLU

union that tried to stop anti-semitism

reynolds v sims

court case that said states must reapportion electoral districts based on “one person one vote” (everyone has equal weight)

mapp v ohio

court case stating that courts could not consider evidence obtained in violation of the constitution

gideon v wainwright

court case stating a defendant has the right to a lawyer

escobedo v illinois

court case saying suspects can have a lawyer AND need to be informed of their right to remain silent

miranda v arizona

court case that created the miranda rights (right to a lawyer, remain silent, anything you say can be used against you)

engel v vitale

court case saying states could not require prayer recitation in schools

abington school district v schempp

court case saying schools couldn’t have mandated bible readings

griswold v connecticut

court case saying birth control device sales and use could not be prohibited (privacy violation)

flexible response

used by kennedy involving the buildup of troops and weapons to fight a war without nuclear weapons

alliance for progress

kennedy’s alliance, a weries of cooperative aid projects with latin american governments to improve relations with them (only kind of worked)

soft power

power used to influence without military

peace corps

groups of american volunteers sent to developing nations to help them fight poverty

bay of pigs invasion

invasion where La Brigada troops tried to create an uprise against Castro in Cuba

cuban missile crisis

crisis where SU said they’d remove their missiles in Cuba if the US didn’t invade

berlin wall crisis

crisis where khruschev wanted the west germany to recognize the east, they didn’t, wall was built

theories

lots of conspiracy ____ surrounded kennedy’s assassination

the other america

book that claimed truly poor americans were hidden in slums

job corps

lyndon’s group that helped unemployed people ages 16-21 acquire job skills

VISTA

lyndon’s organization that put young people to work in poor areas to help them

upward bound

lyndon’s organization providing tutoring to high school students

work experience program

lyndon’s program providing daycare to poorer households

barry goldwater

politician favoring strong conservatism and extremism, disliked moderation

johnson

pres who created great society program

medicare

johnson’s health insurance for senior citizens

medicaid

johnson’s healthcare for poorer people and people with disabilities

elementary, private

the _____ and secondary education act granted money to public and ____ schools

civil rights act

act that barred discrimination bc of race, color, sex, origin, religion

voting rights act

act that protected voters from discriminatory practices like literacy tests and poll taxes

model cities

program that authorized gov money to improve city transportation, housing, etc.

immigration act

act that opened the door to the US from all parts of europe, africa, and asia

plessy v ferguson

court case that ruled “separate but equal” segregation is allowed if proper facilities are provided

dejure segregation

segregation required by law

defacto segregation

segregation in habits, beliefs, practices, customs, etc.

red summer of hate

the summer after AAs came home from the war

norris v alabama

court case saying the exclusion of AA from juries violated their rights to equal protection under the law

CORE

congress of racial equality protesting against factory discrimination

sit-ins

forms of protest used by CORE, members sat down in segregated restaurants and refused to leave - worked in some places

brown v topeka

court case where NAACP used new technology to show separate but unequal in schools, but “with all deliberate speed” did not happen

southern resistance

with the Southern Manifesto, wouldn’t accept court’s decision and resisted desegregation, KKK returned, filibuster

association

montgomery bus boycott led to the montgomery improvement ______

SCLC

organization wanting nonviolent civil disobedience led by MLK jr and pastors

nullification

when states ignore federal laws they see as unconstitutional

SNCC

student committee using the sit-in strategy, energized college students wanting faster change

freedom summer

student movement from the north heading south to help rural AAs vote, KKK retaliated with violence

hamer

fannie lou _____ organized the mississippi freedom democratic party challenging the legality of a segregated democratic party

freedom riders

teams of volunteers that boarded southbound interstate buses, met by violence but drew attention

senators

kennedy was hesitant to support CR because he knew it would anger Southern ______

birmingham

MLK jr’s ________ demonstrations lead to violence but increased support for CR

filibuster

tactic used speaking continuously to pass civil rights act

24th

amendment # that eliminated poll taxes

selma march

march led by MLK jr to get voting access, met with violence but helped pass the voting rights act

voting rights act

act that took away barriers to voting for AAs

poverty

more change needed after civil rights and voting acts because many AAs lived in _____

watts rioting

rioting caused by police brutality in california, after civil rights act