skeletal system

Mandible bone

Lower jawbone

Maxillary bones

Two bones fused that make up the upper jaw

Zygomatic bones

Cheekbones

Nasal bones

Medially fused bones that make up the bridge of the nose

Lacrimal bones

Found at the medial walls of the orbits and house the tear ducts

Palatine bones

Bone plates that form the hard palate and floor of the orbits

Vomer bone

Forms the nasal septum

Inferior nasal conchae

Paired, curved bones in the nasal cavity

Cervical vertebrae

7 bones of the neck

Thoracic vertebrae

12 bones of the torso

Lumbar vertebrae

5 bones of the lower back

Sacrum

5 fused vertebrae below the lumbar vertebrae

Coccyx

Tailbone; 4 fused vertebrae below the sacrum

Disks

Shock absorbers between the vertebrae

Centrum

Weight bearing region of the vertebrae (the body)

Vertebral arch

Composed of pedicles (walls) and laminae (flat layers; roof)

Spinous processes

Projections on each vertebrae

Atlas

C1; holds up the head and articulates with the skull

Axis

C2; articulates with the atlas to allow rotation of the head

Sternum

Breastbone

True ribs

Superior 7 pairs; attached directly to the sternum via costal cartilage

False ribs

Pairs 8-10; attach indirectly to the sternum via costal cartilage

Floating ribs

Pairs 11 and 12; have no frontal attachment

Sphenoid

Cervical Vertebra

Thoracic vertebra

Ethmoid

Lumbar Vertebra

Sacrum

Coccyx

Lacrimal

Intervertebral disc

Spinous process

Transverse process

Vertebral foramen

Body (centrum)

Atlas (C1)

Axis (C2)

Inferior nasal concha

Costal cartilage

Palatine

False ribs

Coronal suture

True ribs

Lambdoid Suture

Floating ribs

Sagittal suture

Squamosal suture

Frontal

Hyoid

Parietal

Temporal

Occipital

Maxilla

Mandible

Zygomatic

Nasal

Vomer

Sternum

frontal bone

ethmoid bone

sphenoid bone

parietal bone

temporal bone

occipital bone

coronal suture

This suture joins the parietal bones to the frontal bone.

sagittal suture

This suture joins the two parietal bones to each other.

lambdoid suture

suture that joins the parietal bones to the occipital bone

squamous suture

suture that joins the parietal bones to the temporal bones

Clavicle

Collarbone

Scapula

Shoulder blade

Humerus

Upper arm bone

Ulna

lower arm bone; lies medial (pinky side)

Radius

lower arm bone; lies lateral (thumb side)

Carpals

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Metacarpals

Five bones of the hand

Phalanges (upper extremity)

Fingers

Pelvis

Hip

Femur

Thigh

Patella

Knee cap

Tibia

Shin bone

Fibula

Slender lower leg bone

Tarsals

Talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform

Metatarsals

Five bones of the foot

Phalanges (lower extremity)

Toes

synovial joint

most joints of the appendicular skeleton; freely movable joint

articular cartilage

covers the ends of bones, made of hyaline cartilage

joint capsule

encloses joint cavity (fluid filled), outer fibrous capsule, inner synovial membrane

synovial fluid

lubricant that makes smooth joint movements possible.

tendon connects

muscle to bone

ligaments connects

bone to bone

bursa

sac of synovial fluid, between adjacent muscles, bones, skin, or tendons passing over bone

ball and socket joint

egg shaped head of one bone articulates with cup-shaped cavity of another bone, wide range of motion

pivot joint

cylindrical shape of one bone rotates in a ring formed of another bone

saddle joint

bone fits the complementary surface of another bone, variety of movements

hinge joint

allows flexion and extension, convex surface of one bone fits in concave surface of another bone

plane joint

articular surfaces are essentially flat or slightly curved, allows sliding and back and forth motion

condylar joint

ovoid surface of one bone fits into cavity of another bone, allows flexion, extension and abduction

Menisci

Pads of fibrocartilage that lie between the articular surfaces of the bones

fat pads

Packing material; also provide some protection