Med Term CH 10

function of the cardiovascular system

heart pumps from two sides. the right: pumps blood to the lungs. the left: pumps blood to the rest of the body. it exchanges gases, nutrients, and waste between the blood and body tissue. also plays critical role in temp regulation

heart

Organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, composed of four chambers and located in the chest cavity.

2 upper chambers: left atrium and right atrium

2 lower chambers": right ventricle and left ventricle

pericardium

Two layer sac surrounding the heart, consisting of an external fibrous and internal serous layer

epicardium

outer lining covering the heart

Myocardium

Middle, thick, muscular layer of the heart

endocardium

Inner lining of the heart

Blood vessels

Tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, pulmonary artery carries to the lungs

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Capillaries

Microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules

function of blood

transports nutrients, waste, oxygen, etc. protects the body against microorganisms and regulates temperature and electrolyte balance

Blood

Fluid circulated through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins; composed of plasma and formed elements

Plasma

Clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells that carry oxygen

Leukocytes

White blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation

Thrombocytes

platelets; One of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process

lymphatic system

consists of lymph transported through lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland.

function of lymphatic system

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Collects and filters excess fluid and waste products from tissues

Transports fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system to the bloodstream

Helps defend the body against infections by producing and transporting immune cells and antibodies.

Lymph

Transparent, colorless, tissue fluid. contains lymphocytes and monocytes

Lymph nodes

Small spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissues. they filter lymph to keep substances such as bacteria and other agents from entering the blood

Spleen

Located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm. blood flows through this and is cleansed through the it.

Immune system

doesn’t have its own organs or structures, its function depends on the structures of other systems. the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, etc.

function of the immune system

The immune system protects the body from harmful invaders, such as viruses and bacteria. It recognizes and attacks these invaders through a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs. The immune system also has the ability to remember these invaders and mount a faster response if they enter the body again. Its function depends on the three layers or protection/ the lines of defense

first line of defense

chemical barriers: saliva, ear wax

mechanical barriers

angi/o

Vessel

aort/o

aorta

arteri/o

Artery

atri/o

Atrium

Cardi/o

Heart

lymph/o

Lymph, lymph tissues

lymphaden/o

Lymph node

Myel/o

Bone marrow

Phleb/o, ven/o

Vein

Plasm/o

Plasma

Splen/o

Spleen

Thym/o

Thymus gland

Valv/o, valvul/o

Valve

Ventricul/o

Ventricle

ather/o

Yellowish, fatty plaque

Ech/o

Sound

Electr/o

Electricity, electrical activity

Isch/o

Deficiency, blockage

Therm/o

Heat

Thromb/o

Clot

Brady-

Slow

Pan-

All, total

-ac

Pertaining to

-apheresis

Removal

-penia

Abnormal reduction in number

-poiesis

Formation

-sclerosis

Hardening

Angioma

Tumor composed of blood vessels

Arteriosclerosis

Hardening of the arteries

Atherosclerosis

Hardening of fatty plaque

Bradycardia

Condition of slow heart

Cardiomegaly

Enlargement of the heart

Cardiomyopathy

Disease of the heart muscle

Ischemia

Deficiency in the blood flow

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart

Phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein

Tachycardia

Condition of a rapid heart

Thrombophlebitis

Inflammation of the vein associated with blood clot

Valvulitis

Inflammation of the valve

Hematoma

Tumor of blood

Leukocytopenia

Abnormal reduction of white blood cells

Pancytopenia

Abnormal reduction of all blood cells

Thrombus

Blood clot

Lymphadenitis

Inflammation of lymph nodes

Lymphoma

Tumor of lymphatic tissue(malignant)

Splenomegaly

Enlargement of the spleen

Acute coronary syndrome

Sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction

Aneurysm

Ballooning if the weakened portion of the arterial wall

Angina pectoris

Chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is. An insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle

Arrhythmia

Any disturbance or abnormality in the hearted normal rhythmic pattern

Cardiac arrest

Sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation

Coronary artery disease

Condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium

Deep vein thrombosis

Condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body

Heart failure

Condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body supply the tissue and organs with nutrients and oxygen

Hypertensive heart disease

Disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure

Mitral valve stenosis

Narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever

Myocardial infarction

heart attack; Death of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply

Peripheral artery disease

Disease of the arteries in the arms and legs resulting in the narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery

Varicose veins

Distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities

Anemia

Condition in which there is reduction in the number of RBC

Embolus (pl. -oli)

Blood clot or foreign material

Hemophilia

Inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII

Leukemia

Malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal WBC

Sepsis

Systemic inflammatory response cause by pathogenic microorganisms, usually bacteria entering the bloodstream and multiplying

Infectious mononucleosis

A cure infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue, and fever

Angioplasty

Surgical repair of a blood vessel

Endarterectomy

Excision within the artery

Pericardiocentesis

Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the sac surrounding the heart

Phlebectomy

Excision of a vein

Splenectomy

Excision of the spleen

Thymectomy

Excision of the thymus gland

Artificial cardiac pacemaker

Battery powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart

Automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator

Decide implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm

Coronary artery bypass graft

Surgical teachnique to bring a new blood supply to heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries

Coronary stent

Supportive scaffold devise placed in the coronary artery

Femoropopliteal bypass

Surgery to establish an alternate rough from the femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction