APHY FINAL part 2

Diabetes insipidus is caused by

ADH deficiency.

T/F: Persons with type AB blood are sometimes called universal donors.

False

Steroid hormones
are soluble in lipids.

all of the above.

T/F: Plasma contains fibrinogen, serum does not.

True

sweat gland is an example of a(n) \_______ gland.

exocrine

The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of human blood is normally about

45%.

The correct sequence of parts that carry cardiac impulses is

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers

Tropic hormones
function in only one sex.

stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones.

Bile salts function like detergents in that they \___________ fat globules.

emulsify

In an autoimmune disease, the immune response is directed toward

cells of the body ("self").

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the digestion and absorption of lipids?
1. Formation of chylomicrons
2. Emulsification by bile
3. Dissolved in the epithelial cell membrane
4. Hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase
5. Movement into lacteal

2, 4, 3, 1, 5

The spleen

resembles a large lymph node divided into lobules.

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

Pancreas

Innate defenses include mechanical and chemical barriers, whereas adaptive defenses counter specific disease-causing agent

True

Cholesterol functions in the body as an energy source, and furnishes molecular components for the synthesis of various sex hormones.

False

Deficiency of vitamin \___ causes osteomalacia.

D

Copper is essential for producing melanin and myelin.

True

Inhibition of which hormone may help in weight loss?

Ghrelin

The right atrium receives blood directly from

the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.

Which of the following provide(s) a source of complete proteins?

Eggs

Which of the following is a trace element?

Iron

The digestive system

ingests food, propels food, mechanically and chemically breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and defecates the remainder.

A triglyceride consists of

glycerol and three fatty acids.

When a person's pulse is taken by palpation near the thumb on the wrist, which artery is felt?

Radial artery

The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n)

vein.

The red blood cells of type AB blood have on their surfaces

antigens A and B.

In an ECG pattern, the T wave is caused by

repolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.

A primary immune response \______, and a secondary immune response \______.

produces antibodies within five to ten days of exposure to antigens; produces antibodies within a day or two of a subsequent exposure to the same antigen

Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands

secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior.

When venous pressure is too low, \____________ stimulate smooth muscles in the walls of veins to contract.

sympathetic reflexes

From the stomach, food passes into the duodenum, then the jejunum, and then the ileum.

True

Lymph transports fat molecules with longer chains of carbon atoms away from the intestine.

True

The inflation reflex is activated when stretch receptors are stimulated during inspiration.

True

Acidosis is a pH of arterial blood

below 7.35

Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by

converting strong acids to weak acids.

The reabsorption of glucose occurs primarily through

proximal convoluted tubule.
nephron loop.

The mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity

all of the above.

Intracellular fluids have high concentrations of

potassium and phosphate ions.

The respiratory center is most likely to increase the breathing rate if the

pH of body fluids is decreasing.

The micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the
-relaxation of the external urethral sphincter.
-person controlling contraction and relaxation of the pyloric sphincter.
- voluntary contractions or inhibition of the prostate gland.
-sympathetic impulses stimulating the internal urethral sphincter.

relaxation of the external urethral sphincter.

Which of the following indicates the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end?
-Collecting duct, proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
- Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
-Distal convoluted tubule, ascending limb of nephron loop, descending limb of nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule
-Proximal convoluted tubule, ascending limb of nephron loop, descending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule

Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule

The technical term for water intoxication is
hypocalcemia.
hypoxia.
hyponatremia.
hypoglycemia.

hyponatremia.

A person in a moderate environment would lose the greatest volume of water in
urine.
mucus.
sweat.
feces.

urine.

Changes in the respiratory system that accompany aging are
thickened mucus.
slowed swallowing reflex.
cilia become less active or vanish.
all of the above.

all of the above.

Metabolic acidosis can be
-caused by a decreased gas exchange surface area.
-compensated for by the retention of large numbers of H+ in the kidneys.
- caused by a decreased breathing rate.
- compensated for by an increased breathing rate and depth.

compensated for by an increased breathing rate and depth.

The \________ is the tube that conveys urine outside the body.
nephron loop
collecting duct
ureter
urethra

urethra

Hyperventilation leads to
respiratory alkalosis.
metabolic acidosis.
metabolic alkalosis.
respiratory acidosis.

respiratory alkalosis.

When sodium ions are reabsorbed through the wall of the renal tubule by active transport, chloride ions are
reabsorbed by active transport.
reabsorbed by passive transport.
secreted by active transport.
secreted by passive transport.

reabsorbed by passive transport.

Kidneys help to regulate acid-base balance of the blood by secreting OH-.
True
False

False

A product of the metabolism of certain nucleic acid bases is
urea.
water.
ammonia.
uric acid.

uric acid.

The renal medulla is composed of \_____, whereas the renal cortex is composed of \_____.
-renal corpuscles; nephron loops
-renal pyramids; renal corpuscles
- renal pyramids; ureters from nephrons
-renal columns; renal pyramids and nephrons

renal pyramids; renal corpuscles

Chemical buffer systems act rapidly against shifts in pH, whereas physiological buffer systems function more slowly.
True
False

True

Breathing functions to
-deliver oxygen to cells, where it takes part in the reactions of cellular respiration that liberate energy from waste molecules.
-inflate the lungs, which forces oxygen molecules into the bloodstream.
-deliver carbon dioxide to cells, where it takes part in the reactions of cellular respiration that liberate energy from nutrient molecules and get rid of oxygen, which maintains the pH of the internal environment.
- deliver oxygen to cells, where it takes part in the reactions of cellular respiration that liberate energy from nutrient molecules and get rid of carbon dioxide, which maintains the pH of the internal environment.

deliver oxygen to cells, where it takes part in the reactions of cellular respiration that liberate energy from nutrient molecules and get rid of carbon dioxide, which maintains the pH of the internal environment.

Water balance and electrolyte balance are interdependent because
-water dissolves in electrolytes.
- water and electrolytes are both in an ionic state in the blood.
- both form ions in blood.
- electrolytes are dissolved in water.

electrolytes are dissolved in water.

Hemodialysis involves
an artificial kidney.
a bone marrow transplant.
an artificial liver.
a kidney transplant.

an artificial kidney.

A decrease in the glomerular capsule hydrostatic pressure will \_____ the rate of glomerular filtration.
not change
increase
have a variable effect on
decrease

increase
have a variable effect on
decrease

In bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the lungs of newborns become inflamed and scarred. Most infants recover, but some die. An experimental treatment cultures stem cells from a newborn's umbilical cord. The stem cells, in a lab dish, give rise to type II cells, which in turn give rise to more type I cells. In this treatment
the type II cells secrete surfactant and the type I cells form the respiratory membrane.
the stem cells directly replace alveoli.
both type I and type II cells produce surfactant.
the type I cells secrete surfactant and the type II cells form the respiratory membrane.

the type II cells secrete surfactant and the type I cells form the respiratory membrane.

A renal corpuscle includes the
renal tubule and collecting tubule.
glomerulus and glomerular capsule.
glomerulus and renal tubule.
glomerular capsule and renal tubule.

glomerulus and glomerular capsule.

Which of the following structures is unpaired?
Ductus deferens
Seminal vesicle
Bulbourethral gland
Prostate gland

Prostate gland

A circumcision removes
the prepuce.
the glans penis.
the tunica albuginea.
the crura.

the prepuce.

The epididymis, coiled on the outer surface of the testis, becomes the
tunica albuginea.
penile urethra.
ductus deferens.
rete testis.

ductus deferens.

The structure the sperm enters upon exiting the ductus deferens is the
rete testis.
epididymis.
ejaculatory duct.
seminal vesicles.

ejaculatory duct.

Sperm cells mature in the
seminal vesicles.
epididymides.
ductus deferentia.
ejaculatory ducts.

epididymides.

The epididymis is a \_____ and it \_____.
compartment that contains seminiferous tubules; ejaculates sperm
compartment inside a testis; secretes testosterone and forms sperm
stage of spermatogenesis; forms two sperm cells and semen
tightly coiled tube on the outside of the testis; is the location for sperm maturation

tightly coiled tube on the outside of the testis; is the location for sperm maturation

The hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics is
gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
FSH.
testosterone.
LH.

testosterone.

The interstitial cells of the testes produce
spermatogenic cells.
seminal fluid.
sperm cells.
androgens.

androgens.

The tubular part of the uterus that extends downward into the upper vagina is the
cervix.
endometrium.
fundus.
perimetrium.

cervix.

Fertilization normally occurs in the
vagina.
peritoneal cavity.
uterine tube.
uterus.

uterine tube.

The inner mucosal layer of the uterine wall is the
myometrium.
endometrium.
epimetrium.
perimetrium.

endometrium.

Menopause is due to aging of the
ovaries.
cervix.
uterine tube.
vagina.

ovaries.

The hormone mainly responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics is
luteinizing hormone.
estrogen.
androgen.
progesterone.

estrogen.

About the time of ovulation, the anterior pituitary gland releases a surge of
estrogen.
progesterone.
LH.
androgen.

LH.

In the reproductive cycle, estrogen \_____, whereas progesterone \_____.
→ stimulates uterine wall development; stimulates the uterine lining to become more glandular
incorrect inhibits the release of FSH; stimulates the release of FSH
stimulates erection of the clitoris; stimulates the uterine lining to become glandular
ejects milk from the mammary glands; stimulates milk secretion
Which of the following is (are) forms of contraception?
Rhythm method
Chemical barriers
Intrauterine device
All of the above

All of the above

In endometriosis,
tissue resembling the inner uterine lining grows in the thoracic cavity.
tissue resembling the inner uterine lining grows in the abdominal cavity.
the inner uterine lining tissue no longer grows during the woman's reproductive cycles.
a new mother becomes extremely depressed.

tissue resembling the inner uterine lining grows in the abdominal cavity.

Fertilization usually occurs in the
uterine tube.
vagina.
uterus.
ovary.

uterine tube.

Labor is regulated by
negative feedback control.
estrogen.
positive feedback control.
prolactin.

positive feedback control.

The hormone oxytocin aids the birth process by stimulating
an increase in progesterone secretion.
an increase in estrogen secretion.
uterine wall contractions.
fetal muscular movements.

uterine wall contractions.

The placenta is composed of tissues from the
embryo only.
mother and embryo.
mother only.
chorion only.

mother and embryo.

Which of the following is (are) true in regard to the fetal stage of development?
It begins 8 weeks after fertilization.
The organ systems are mostly formed, although immature.
The head is disproportionately large compared to the rest of the body at the beginning of the stage.
All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following adult structures is not derived from the same primary germ layer as the others?
bones
muscles
blood vessels
nerves

nerves

A blastomere is a \_____ and a blastocyst is \_____.
fetal membrane; an embryonic membrane
fetal organ produced by cleavage; an embryonic organ produced by cleavage
cell produced by cleavage; a hollow ball of cells
hollow ball of cells; a cell resulting from cleavage

cell produced by cleavage; a hollow ball of cells

The major body part(s) derived from ectoderm is/are
nervous system and skin.
bone tissue.
muscle tissue.
liver and pancreas.

nervous system and skin.

The major body parts derived from mesoderm are the
nervous system and sense organs.
respiratory tract, urinary bladder, and urethra.
epidermis, hair, nails, and glands of skin.
muscle tissue, bone tissue, and bone marrow.

muscle tissue, bone tissue, and bone marrow.

The chorion \_____ and the amnion \_____.
-is the outer protective membrane around the embryo; is the site where an embryo is implanted into the uterus
-projects into the endometrium and helps form the placenta; is a membrane that encircles a developing embryo
- is the site from which primary germ layers develop; is the site from which secondary germ layers develop
- is the part of the blastocyst that is not the inner cell mass; is the inner cell mass

projects into the endometrium and helps form the placenta; is a membrane that encircles a developing embryo

Which of the following is not a characteristic of childhood?
Developing a high degree of voluntary muscular control
Secondary teeth replacing primary teeth
Establishing bowel control
Becoming reproductively functional

Becoming reproductively functional

Passive aging is
a breakdown of structures and slowing of functions.
decay of tissues.
a buildup of structures and speeding of functions.
a result of a person being much less active in later years.

a breakdown of structures and slowing of functions.

Development is a continuous process and includes growth.
True
False

True

Factors that can cause congenital malformations by affecting an embryo during its periods of rapid growth and development are called teratogens.
True
False

True

The two general types of chromosomes are
autosomes and allosomes.
sex chromosomes and autosomes.
X and Y chromosomes.
sex chromosomes and allosomes.

sex chromosomes and autosomes.

A karyotype is
a diagram that represents family relationships.
a genome sequence.
.

a size-ordered chart of chromosomes.

Identical alleles are said to be

homozygous.

An allele that masks the effect of another is

dominant.

In incomplete dominance,
one allele is inactive.

the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between that of either homozygote

A procedure used to obtain enough fetal tissue sampled through the cervix to test for genetic disorders without culturing cells is

chorionic villus sampling.

A human cell that has 47 chromosomes is

trisomic.

We can predict the likelihood of a particular inherited trait occurring in a particular family member by consulting the ways that genes are transmitted on chromosomes.

True

Freckles are a phenotype and the allele combination that causes a clotting disorder is a genotype.

True

A trait determined by more than one gene is polygenic.

True

Absence of the SRY gene and expression of the Wnt4 gene are necessary for female reproductive structures to develop in an embryo and fetus.
True
False

True

Which of the following is (are) forms of contraception?

All of the above