abnormal

yeah

to be classified as having a psychological disorder

the patient must

have issues be long lasting and interfere with daily life/functioning.

Who said mental illness is a myth

Thomas Szaz

who said mental illness is a sickness

Philipe Pinel, 1880s

Epigenetics

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

3 pillars of biopsychosocial approach to explain psychopathology

Biological, social/cultural, pyschological

Biological Pillar

-evolution

-genes

-brain structure

psychological pillar

- stress/trauma

-influences

-learned helplessness

social/cultural pillar

-roles and expectations

what is used to classify mental illnesses

DSM-5

drawbacks of labeling

change our view of the person and create expectations that guide how we percieve others

what is good predictor of illness

history of violence, drug use, gun access

what percent of people suffer from mental illness in the US

25%

3 most common mental disorders

phobias, depression, anxiety disorders

what increases the likelihood of developing mental illness

being below the poverty line

at what age do mental illnesses typically strike

early adulthood, 75%

generalized anxiety disorder

Characterized by excessive anxiety or worry about numerous things, lasting for 6 months or longer.

panic disorder

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

Phobias

A group of anxiety disorders involving a pathological fear of a specific object or situation

Obessions

repetitive thoughts

complusion

repetitive behavior

PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

why do some people develop ptsd and others don't

-more emotion in the trauma event results in higher chance of ptsd

-those more sensitive

-those with ptsd have a smaller amygdala

Conditioning and Anxiety Disorders

stimulus generalization, reinforcement

Cognition and Anxiety Disorders

By observing others, we can learn to fear what they fear. Also, past experiences can lead us to interpret small things (like a creaky noise) as a big threat (an intruder)