Apologetics Existence of God

The Theory of General Relativity was developed by________.

Albert Einstein

Edwin Hubble discovered a blue shift in the light from observable galaxies meaning those galaxies were moving toward us

False

Cosmos is a Greek word which means "whole" or "eternal".

False

The Cosmological Argument is the argument from the beginning of the Universe.

True

Provide the missing the premise: ((P75)
P1- Everything that had a beginning had a cause.
P2- ___________________________________________

Conclusion: Therefore the universe had a cause.

The universe had a beginning.

The Law of Causality states that ...

Everything that had a beginning had a cause

If the universe were eternal, then it would have used up all the available energy by now

True

Which of the following is evidence for the Big Bang (that the universe had a beginning) ?

1. slight variations (or ripples) in the temperature of the cosmic background radiation

2. expansion of the cosmos

3. Radiation from the Big Bang

Time , space, and matter came into existence at the Big Bang.

True

The Big Bang opposes a beginning of the universe.

False

Second Law of Thermodynamics

The universe is running out of usable energy

The universe is expanding

Space itself is expanding, thus the universe is growing

Radiation from the big bang

Actually light and heat from the initial explosion

Great Galaxy seeds

Slight variations (ripples) in the temperature of the cosmic background radiation

Theory of General Relativity

Has been verified to 5 decimal places demanding an absolute beginning for time, space, and matter

Ancient Greek philosophers believed that matter was necessary and uncreated and therefore eternal

True

Hebrew writers held the same ideas as the Greeks, that is, that the universe is uncreated and has existed forever

False

Al-Ghazali was a 12th century Muslim theologian who held (believed) that the universe flows necessarily out of God and therefore is beginningless

False

Al-Ghazali wrote The incoherence of the Philosophers to argue that the idea of a beginningless universe is ________________.

Absurd

What is the missing step in Ghazali's reasoning?
1. Whatever begins to exist has a cause.
2. The universe _________________________.
3. Therefore, the univers has a cause

Began to exist

Ghazali's argument is a logically airtight argument

True

Something cannot come from nothing.

True

The Kalam cosmological argument has enjoyed great intersectarian appeal and helps to build bridges for sharing one's faith with ____________________________________________.

Jews and especially Muslims

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy devoted to exploring questions about the nature of ultimate reality.

True

The vacuum in modern physics is what the layman (average person) understands as nothing

False

In physics the "vacuum" is a sea of fluctuating energy governed by physical laws and having physical structure

True

Properly understood, "nothing" does not mean just emptry space. It is the _______________.

absence of anything whatsoever, even space itself

Nothingness has literally no properties at all.

True

Premise 1 of the Kalam Cosmological argument simply states that everything has a cause.

False

Something that is eternal would not need a cause, since it never came into being.

True

Common experience and scientific evidence confirm the truth of premise 1.

True

Premise 1 (of the Kalam Cosmological Argument) is constantly verified and seldom falsified.

False

Dr. Craig states that the first premise of the "kalam" cosmological argument is clearly true.

True

Dr. Craig states that the more controversial premise in the kalam cosmological argument is premise 1.

False

Ghazali argued that an infinite number of things cannot exist.

True

Ghazali recogized that a _________________ infinite number of things could exist.

Potentially

Ghazali denied that _______________________ number of things could exist.

An actually infinite

Ghazali argued that if an actually infinite number of things could exist, then various absurdities would result.

True

The number of past events cannot be actually infinite.

True

Ghazali's claim is not that the existence of an actual infinite number of things involves a logical contradiction but that it is really a possible outcome as a defeater of the cosmological argument.

False

Which of the following was created at the Big Bang?

1. matter

2. space

3. time

The word supernatural means...

Outside of nature

Which of the following is an explanation by atheists that tries to avoid the implications of the Big Bang (i.e. a beginning of the universe)?

1. Cosmic Rebound Theory

2. Imaginary Time

Which of the following is a fatal flaw for the idea that universe has been expanding and contracting forever?

1. there's no evidence for an infinite number of bangs

2. there's not enough matter in the universe to pull everything back together again

3. the theory contradicts the Second Law of Thermodynamics

4. there's no way that today would have gotten here

Some atheists try to cast doubt on the Law of ___________________.

Casuality

If the Law of Causality were detroyed, what else would be destroyed?

Science itself

Robert Jastrow observed that astronomers are generally delighted with the proof that the universe had a beginning, but theologians are generally upset.

False

Robert Jastrow supposed that the idea of a beginning in time annoyed Einstein because of its theological implication.

True

If the Big Bang is deemed wrong in the future, then that means the universe is eternal.

False

The S (Second Law of Thermodynamics), and E (Einstein's theory of General Relativity) in SURGE are dependent upon the truth of the Big Bang occurring.

False

An infinite number of days is an impossibility (which means you can't traverse an infinite number of days).

True

The Cosmomlogical Argument for the existence of God is necessarily dependent on the theory of the Big Bang.

False

Since everything needs a cause, then so does God.

False

Which of the following is a characteristic of the cause of the universe?

1. self-existent

2. unimaginably powerful

3. personal

The characteristics of the First Cause (i.e. -the cause of the universe) are exactly the characteristics theists ascribe to God.

True

Telos is a Latin word that means complex.

False

Provide the missing premise.

Every design has a designer

Isaac Newton compared the complexity of the universe with the design of a watch.

False

Anthropic is Greek for ________.

Human

Life is only possible if it understood

The universe is extremely fine tuned to support human life here on earth.

There is no scientific evidence for the fine-tuning for supporting and sustaining human life.

False

What NASA event was used to depict (illustrate) the teleological (or design) argument?

Apollo 13

Oxygen level

Comprises 21% of atmosphere; if it were 25% fires would erupt spontaneously; at 15% humans would suffocate

Atmospheric transparency

regulates the amount of solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface

moon-earth gravity interaction

regulates the tidal effects of the oceans

carbon dioxide level

If higher, then runaway greenhouse effect would burn life up; if lower plants could not be able to maintain efficient photosynthesis

gravity

if altered by 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000001 percent sun would not exist and neither would we

The Apollo 13 astronauts did not return to earth safely.

False

The earth was compared to ______ to demonstrate the fine-tuning for life being sustained.

The apollo spacecrafts

As in the example (of the spaceship), scientists have discovered that the universe -unlike the spaceship- is not designed to support life here on earth, rather it is the product of chance.

False

Any slight deviation in any one of a number of environmental and physical factors (what we've been calling constants) would preclude us from existing.

True

Which argument do the authors (Geisler and Turek) call "perhaps the most powerful argument for the existence of God"?

Anthropic Principle

If Jupiter were not in its current orbit...

the Earth would be bombarded with space material

Thickness of the Earth's crust

If greater, too much oxygen would be transferred to support life: If thinner, volcanic and tectonic activity would make life impossible.

Rotation of the Earth

if longer, temperature differences would be too great between night and day: if shorter, atmospheric wind velocities would be too great.

Speed of light

slight variation would alter the other constants and preclude the possibility of life on earth.

23-degree axil tilt of the Earth

if slightly altered surface temperatures would be too extreme

Atmospheric discharge rate

If greater-too much fire destruction; If less-too little nitrogen fixing the soil.

Earthquakes are necessary to sustain life as we know it.

True

There are _____ (number) of narrowly defined consatnts that strongly support and point to an intelligent designer of the universe.

122

There is ample (more than enough) evidence for the Multiple Universe Theory.

False

Which of the following is a problem for the Multple Universe Theory covered in the reading?

1. The theory is so broad that any event can be explained away by it.

2. Other universes would also need fine tuning to get started.

3. There's no evidence for it.

4. An infinite number of finite things is an actual impossibility.

Positing (suggesting) multiple universes doesn't eliminate the need for a Designer.

True

Positing Multiple Universes multiplies the need for a Designer.

True

The Bible does not express the Teleological Argument.

False

In The Screwtape Letters, (by CS Lewis), Screwtape, the senior demon, advises Wormwood, the junior demon, "to not use _______ against Christianity."

Science

Astronaut John Glenn, at 77 years old, looked out the Space Shuttle Discovery and remarked, "To look out at this kind of creation and not believe in God is to me impossible."

True

Naturalistic biologists assert that life generated spontaneously from nonliving chemicals by natural laws without any intelligent intervention.

True

The supreme problem for Darwinists is explaining the origin of the first life.

True

Fortunately for Darwinists , the first life was simple.

False

What is the name of the 4 letter (ATCG) genetic code (a helical structure that looks like a twisted ladder) that was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953?

DNA

Specified Complexity means not only is something complex- it also contains a specific message.

True

How much information is found in the D.N.A. of an entire one celled amoeba?

As much as 1000 complete sets of the Encyclopedia Brittanica

Darwinists define the rules of science so narrowly that intelligence is ruled out in advance.

True

The Principle of Uniformity holds that ...

causes in the past were like the causes we observe today

Which of the following (according to the Principle of Uniformity) lead us to believe that it came about by natural causes?

The Grand Canyon

If scientists actually did create life in the laboratory, it would prove that no intelligence could create life.

False

The appearance of design is admitted on the first page of The Blind Watchmaker, by Richard Dawkins.

True

The complexity of DNA is not the only problem for Darwinists. Its (DNA) ___________________ is also a problem.

Origin

What movie in the 1960's (a fictional account of the 1925 Scopes "monkey trial") entails a war between religion and science?

Inherit the wind