Kin 223 exam 2

CHAPTER 4

If the nutrient glycogen is found inside a cell, it is often considered a(n)

Inclusion

The shape of skeletal muscle cells is described as

Cyndrical

Proteins that are embedded within, and extend across, the phospholipid bilayer are called \_______ proteins

Integral

The most abundant lipid of the membrane consists of a head and two tails. This type of lipid is

A phospholipid

Consider a cell with a total internal solute concentration of 0.9%. Placing the cell in which bath solution would result in creation of the greatest osmotic pressure in the cell?

0.5% NaCl

The sodium-potassium pump moves

sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell

The release of neurotransmitter from a neuron is an example of

Exocytosis and it requires expenditure of ATP

Movement of a substance from man area of higher concentration to one where it is less concentrated is known as

Diffusion

If the potential across a cell membrane is +30mV

There is positive charge on the inside of the cell, relative to the outside

When a cell is at its resting membrane potential, more potassium diffuse out than sodium diffuses in

True

These junction hold adjacent cells together and provide resistance to mechanical stress

Desmosomes

Which is not a membrane-bound organelle

All of the choices are correct

Mucus is moved along the lining of the trachea by extensions from cell membranes known as

Cilia

The building blocks that form the DNA double helix are called

Nucleotides

Which is not one of the bases found in DNA nucleotides

Diamine

The term "codon" refers to

A three base sequence of mRNA

Which of the following is considered a required enzyme for the process of transcription

RNA polymerase

The phase of mitosis that begins with the arrival of a group of single-stranded chromosomes at each pole of the cell is

Telophase

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mitosis

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Apoptosis is best described as

The process where cells destroy themselves

The \_________ is responsible for forming the outer, limiting barrier of a cell

Plasma membrane

Some of the largest spherical cells in the human body (for example oocytes) have a diameter of approximately

100 um

Which type of protein is used by cells of the immune system to distinguish normal cells from foreign or infected cells?

Identity markers

Diffusion rate is fastest when the concentration gradient is

Steepest and temperature is highest

The movement of glucose across a plasma membrane is achieved by

Facilitated diffusion

Cell shrinking, also known as crenation, occurs when a cell is placed into a(n) \____ solution

Hypertonic

To maintain resting membrane potential, the sodium-potassium pump

Actively transport 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell

The sodium-potassium pump moves both potassium and sodium down their concentration gradients, from higher to lower concentration

False

The folds of the internal membrane of a mitochondria are called

Cristae

Which of the following serves to increase the surface area of the cell?

Microvilli

In order to process digested nutrients and detoxify chemical agents such as drugs and alcohol, the \______ contains abundant amounts of smooth ER

Liver

The function of the nucleolus is to make

The subunits of ribosomes

The last part of interphase is called

The second "gap" phase

The phase of mitosis that begins as spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart the centromere is

Anaphase

The organelles responsible for organizing micro tubules that are part of mitotic spindle are called

Centrioles

The term "flagellum" is appropriate for the structure it represents because it means

A whip

Which of the following choices describes three general functions cells must preform

Maintain shape, obtain nutrients, and dispose of waste

Which is a non-membrane-bound organelle

Microtubules

When fertilization occurs, the sperm recognizes the egg by

The unique glucocalyx on the egg's surface

Which statement is accurate

A sequence of nucleotides in DNA constitutes a gene, DNA and associated proteins form chromatin

Proteins that assist the movement of a substance across the membrane are called \____ proteins

Transport

The lipid that stabilizes the membrane at extreme temperature and is found in the hydrophobic regions of the bilayer is

Cholesterol

Glycolipids are found on the:

Outer layer of the cell membrane, and they help make the sticky coating on its surface

The replication of a DNA molecule during interphase occurs during the

S phase

Channel-mediated diffusion is a subtype of

Facilitated diffusion

Pinocytosis is the process in which the cell

internalizes ("drinks") a droplet of interstitial fluid.

Chapter 5

Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines the inside of organs and body cavities ?

Epithelial

Which type of epithelial tissue would be the least protective

Simple squamous epithelium

Which feature is not characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Large amount of extracellular matrix

Suppose you cut your finger only slightly in what is known as a "paper cut" you observe that cut hurts but it doesn't bleed. How would you interpret your observation?

Nerve endings occur in epithelium but blood vessels do not

What unit of bone consists of a central canal (containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels) surrounded by concentric rings of calcified matrix?

Osteon

Plasma is

A liquid ground substance containing dissolved proteins

Which of the primary tissue types is most widely distributed throughout the body

Connective tissue

In connective tissue, the extracellular matrix consists of

Protein fibers and ground substance

What is the most abundant protein in body, forming about 25% of all body protein

Collagen

Which type of muscle contains fusiform cells that function to propel materials through hollow organs?

Smooth

The type of muscle that has elongated, multinucleated cells and is under voluntary control is \_______ muscle?

Skeletal muscle

A skeletal muscle fiber is

A skeletal muscle cell

Axons

Transmits signals away from cell body

Nucleus of a neuron is found in its

Cell Body

The heart is confined within a double-walled serous membrane sac. The part of the membrane that is in contact the heart is the \_______ layer

Visceral

The primary role of epithelial tissue in the stomach is

Secretion of substance for chemical digestion

A tissue transplant from one person to another (who is not genetically identical) is a(n)

Allograft

Shrinkage of tissue by a decrease in either cell number is cell sized is termed

Atrophy

When hyperplasia proceeds out of control, a tumor may develop. This condition is termed

Neoplasia

The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and may include some binucleated cells is called \_____ epithelium

Transitional

Which is avascular (lacks blood vessels)?

Epithelial tissue

Lacks ducts and secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid

Endocrine glands

Which type of connective tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis and contains all of the cell types of connective tissue proper?

Areolar

Which type of connective tissue protein fiber forms a meshlike framework that provides structural support within many organs? (within spleen)

Reticular fibers

Which type of connective tissue predominates in the deep portion of the dermis, where it lends strength to skin?

Dense Irregular

The internal feature of bone that makes it simultaneously strong and lightweight is the

Latticework structure of spongy bone

What type of muscle contains intercalated discs?

Cardiac

If you were examining a microscope slide containing a type of muscle tissue and observed a branching network of striated cells, each with one or two central nuclei, you could conclude that you were looking at \______ muscle

Cardiac

The type of muscle that is found in blood vessel walls is \______ muscle

Smooth

Where in the body would you find a glial cell?

In the nervous system

The type of membrane that prevents desiccation, provides lubrication, and traps bacteria and foreign particles is

Mucous

There are four types of body membranes. Select the exception

Cartilaginous

The type of membrane that lines many of the body's joints is a \______ membrane

Synovial

With age, connective tissue

Lost their pliability and resiliency

With age, epithelial tissues

Become thinner

The most common type of cartilage, named for its glassy appearance is

Hyaline cartilage

The types of cells that make up the nervous systems are

Neurons and glial cells

Groups of similar cells and extracellular products that carry out a common function are called

Tissues

Suppose that you were involved in an automobile accident and suffered a back injury. When examined by your physician you are told that you have slipped disc in the lower back. What type of tissue is involved

Fibrocartilage

If you gently rub your thumb and forefinger together, each finger is contacting

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

What feature of your ear accounts for its ability to regain its shape after it has been deformed or compressed?

The elastic fibers present in the ear's cartilage

Some bone interiors contain hemopoietic tissue, which functions in

Producing blood cells

Where in the body would you expect to find a perichondrium

Covering the cartilage

Ligaments are very strong but resistant to stretch. Which protein fiber probably predominates?

Collagen

A thin extracellular layer upon which an epithelium rests is called a(n)

Basement Membrane

Cells can be cube or column shaped

Epithelial tissue

Transmit signals toward the cell body

Dendrites

Chapter 6

The reticular layer of dermis consists primarily of

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Which are applicable to the stratum corneum

the most superficial stratum, the cells are dead, interlocking, keratinized cells, cells are anucleate

Production of this vitamin requires skin exposure to the sun. This vitamin is crucial for regulation of calcium and phosphate

Vitamin D

Which is not a function of the integument?

Body movement