Final OIANs Practice

tensor fasciae latae origin

lateral aspect of ilium between anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and tubercle of iliac crest

tensor fasciae latae insertion

iliotibial tract

tensor fasciae latae innervation

Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

tensor fasciae latae action

stabilizes the knee in extension

gluteus maximus origin

Fascia over gluteus medius and erector spinae muscles; external ilium behind posterior gluteal line; lateral sacrum, coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament

gluteus maximus insertion

Gluteal tuberosity of femur; iliotibial tract

gluteus maximus innervation

Inferior gluteal nerve(L5, S1, S2)

gluteus maximus action

Powerful extensor of flexed thigh at hip joint; laterally stabilizes hip and knee joint; external rotation and abduction of thigh at hip

gluteus medius origin

External ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

gluteus medius insertion

Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

gluteus medius innervation

Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

gluteus medius action

Internally rotates and abducts thigh at hip joint; steadies opposite pelvis during swing stance

gluteus minimus origin

External ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

gluteus minimus insertion

Anterolateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

gluteus minimus innervation

Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

gluteus minimus action

Hip abduction, internal rotation, steadies pelvis in gait

piriformis origin

Anterior sacrum lateral to sacral foramina

piriformis insertion

Upper border greater trochanter of femur (medial side)

piriformis innervation

Ventral rami L5, S1, S2

piriformis action

Hip external rotation when extended; abducts hip when flexed; steadies head of femur in acetabulum

superior gemellus origin

Ischial spine, outer surface

superior gemellus insertion

Superior border of obturator internus; medial side of greater trochanter of femur

superior gemellus innervation

Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus (L5, S1)

superior gemellus action

Hip external rotation when extended; abducts hip when flexed; steadies head of femur in acetabulum

obturator internus origin

Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and margin of obturator foramen

obturator internus insertion

Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

obturator internus innervation

Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus (L5, S1)

obturator internus action

Hip external rotation when extended; abducts hip when flexed; steadies head of femur in acetabulum

inferior gemellus origin

Upper aspect of ischial tuberosity

inferior gemellus insertion

Inferior border of obturator internus; medial side of greater trochanter of femur

inferior gemellus innervation

Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus (L5, S1)

inferior gemellus action

Hip external rotation when extended; abducts hip when flexed; steadies head of femur in acetabulum

quadratus femorus origin

Lateral aspect of ischium just anterior to ischial tuberosity

quadratus femorus insertion

Quadrate tubercle of femur

quadratus femorus innervation

Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus (L5, S1)

quadratus femorus action

Hip external rotation

biceps femoris (posterior thigh) origin

Long head - ischial tuberosity by common tendon with semitendinosus muscle

Short head - lateral lip of linea aspera (lower part)

biceps femoris (posterior thigh) insertion

Head of the fibula

biceps femoris (posterior thigh) innervation

Long head - tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Short head - common fibular division of tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)

biceps femoris (posterior thigh) action

Extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes and laterally rotates leg at knee joint

semitendinosus (posterior thigh) origin

Ischial tuberosity by common tendon with biceps femoris long head

semitendinosus (posterior thigh) insertion

Proximal, medial surface of tibia at pes anserinus

semitendinosus (posterior thigh) innervation

Tibial division of sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2

semitendinosus (posterior thigh) action

Extends and medially rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint

semimembranosus (posterior thigh) origin

ischial tuberosity

semimembranosus (posterior thigh) insertion

Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

semimembranosus (posterior thigh) innervation

Tibial division of sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2

semimembranosus (posterior thigh) action

Extends and medially rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint

sartorius (anterior thigh) origin

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

sartorius (anterior thigh) insertion

Proximal, medial tibia at pes anserinus

sartorius (anterior thigh) innervation

Femoral nerve (L2-L3)

*only anterior thigh muscle with L2, L3 nerve roots*

sartorius (anterior thigh) action

FABER [flexes, abducts (assists), externally rotates thigh at hip joint]; flexes leg at knee joint

rectus femoris (anterior thigh) origin

Straight head - anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

Reflected head - groove above acetabulum

rectus femoris (anterior thigh) insertion

Base of patella and tibial tuberosity through patellar ligament

rectus femoris (anterior thigh) innervation

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

rectus femoris (anterior thigh) action

Leg extension at knee joint; also flexes thigh at hip joint

vastus lateralis (anterior thigh) origin

Lateral lip of linea aspera (upper half), lateral margin gluteal tuberosity, margin of greater trochanter, lateral part of intertrochanteric line

vastus lateralis (anterior thigh) insertion

Lateral border of patella and tibial tuberosity through patellar ligament

vastus lateralis (anterior thigh) innervation

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

vastus lateralis (anterior thigh) action

Leg extension at knee joint

vastus intermedius (anterior thigh) origin

upper two-thirds anterior and lateral femur to lateral lip of linea aspera

vastus intermedius (anterior thigh) insertion

base of patella and tibial tuberosity through patellar ligament

vastus intermedius (anterior thigh) innervation

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

vastus intermedius (anterior thigh) action

leg extension at knee joint

vastus medialis (anterior thigh) origin

Medial supracondylar line, medial lip of linea aspera, pectineal line, medial part of intertrochanteric line of femur

vastus medialis (anterior thigh) insertion

Medial border of patella and tibial tuberosity through patellar ligament

vastus medialis (anterior thigh) innervation

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

vastus medialis (anterior thigh) action

leg extension at knee joint

articularis genu (anterior thigh) origin

inferior, anterior femur

articularis genu (anterior thigh) insertion

superior margin of knee joint capsule

articularis genu (anterior thigh) innervation

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

articularis genu (anterior thigh) action

pulls capsule up with knee extension

pectineus (medial thigh) origin

pecten pubis (pectineal line)

pectineus (medial thigh) insertion

pectineal line of femur

pectineus (medial thigh) innervation

Femoral nerve L2, L3

pectineus (medial thigh) action

flexes, adducts thigh at hip joint

adductor longus (medial thigh) origin

By a cord-like tendon from pubic body just inferior to pubic tubercle and crest

adductor longus (medial thigh) insertion

medial lip of linea aspera (middle third)

adductor longus (medial thigh) innervation

Anterior division obturator nerve, L2-L4

adductor longus (medial thigh) action

adduction of thigh, assists with medial rotation of thigh at hip joint

adductor brevis (medial thigh) origin

Inferior pubic ramus between origins of gracilis and obturator externus

adductor brevis (medial thigh) insertion

Medial lip of linea aspera (upper third), posterior femur to lesser trochanter

adductor brevis (medial thigh) innervation

Obturator nerve (may be both divisions), L2, L3

adductor brevis (medial thigh) action

Thigh adduction, weak medial rotation of thigh at hip joint

adductor magnus (medial thigh) origin

Adductor part - ischiopubic ramus

Hamstring part - ischial tuberosity

adductor magnus (medial thigh) insertion

Adductor part - medial margin gluteal tuberosity, intermediate margin linea aspera, medial supracondylar ridge

Hamstring part - adductor tubercle of femur

adductor magnus (medial thigh) innervation

Adductor part - posterior division of obturator nerve (L2-L4)

Hamstring part - tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4)

adductor magnus (medial thigh) action

Thigh adduction and medial rotation at hip joint

Hamstring part - thigh extension at hip joint

gracilis (medial thigh) origin

Inferior margin of pubic ramus

gracilis (medial thigh) insertion

Proximal, medial tibia at pes anserinus

gracilis (medial thigh) innervation

Anterior division obturator nerve, L2, L3

gracilis (medial thigh) action

Thigh adduction at hip joint; leg flexion at knee joint

obturator externus (medial thigh) origin

external surface of obturator membrane and adjacent margins of obturator foramen

obturator externus (medial thigh) insertion

trochanteric fossa of femur

obturator externus (medial thigh) innervation

Posterior division of obturator nerve (L3, L4)

obturator externus (medial thigh) action

hip external rotation

gastrocnemius (superficial calf, posterior leg) origin

Medial head - posterior femur just superior to medial condyle

Lateral head - posterolateral surface of lateral condyle of femur

gastrocnemius (superficial calf, posterior leg) insertion

Posterior surface calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

gastrocnemius (superficial calf, posterior leg) innervation

Tibial nerve, S1, S2

gastrocnemius (superficial calf, posterior leg) action

foot plantar flexion; leg flexion at knee joint