A & P 214 Lab Exam 2 Quiz 2

Alimentary Canal

entire distance of the digestive canal, from the mouth to the anus

Mucosa

A

Muscularis mucosae

B

Submucosa

C

Muscularis externa

D, general

Inner circular smooth muscle

E

Outer longitudinal smooth muscle

F

Serosa

G

Oral cavity

general space, A

Upper and lower lip

1, top and bottom

Hard palate

2

Soft palate

3

Uvula

4

Tongue

6

Gingiva

area being pointed to

Teeth

5

Incisor

1 and 2

Canine

3

Premolar

4 and 5

Molar

6, 7, and 8

Crown

h

Neck

i

Root

k

Apical foramen

A, small opening at the tip of the root through which blood vessels and nerves enter the tooth

Cement

B

Dentin

C

Enamel

D

Pulp cavity

E

Root canal

F

Parotid salivary gland

A

Sublingual salivary gland

B

Submandibular salivary gland

C

Esophagus

structure

Gastroesophageal junction

junction

Simple columnar epithelium

cell type, stomach

Stratified squamous epithelium

cell type, esophagus

stomach

histology

Cardial

3, region

Fundic

4, region

Body

5, region

Pyloric

6, region

Pyloric sphincter

muscular ring that regulates the flow of food from the stomach to the small intestine, A

Pylorus

the hole that is closed and opened by the pyloric sphincter, B

Muscularis externa

layer, 9

Longitudinal smooth muscle

most external layer of muscle fibers runs parallel to the long axis of the stomach and shortens the stomach when it contracts, A

Circular smooth muscle

middle layer of muscle fibers encircles the stomach and constricts it when it contracts, which helps to break down food and move it through the digestive system, B

Oblique smooth muscle

deep layer of muscle fibers is unique to the stomach and is arranged at an angle to the other two layers. It allows the stomach to contract in a twisting and squeezing motion, which further breaks down food, C

Gastric rugae

7

Gastric pit

histology, holds many gastric glands

Gastric gland

region, identifies at sides of the pits but also occurs within lamina propria

Parietal cell

secretes hydrochloric acid (break down food and activates pepsinogen to pepsin), dark purple nucleus and a pink cytoplasm

Chief cell

smaller cell with a dark purple nucleus and a light purple cytoplasm in the lower regions of the gastric glands, secrete pepsinogen which is converted to pepsin (breaks down proteins into smaller peptides)

Enteroendocrine cell

in the deepest part of the gastric glands, secretes gastrin (stimulates the secretion of gastric acid and the motility of the stomach), a dark purple nucleus and a clear cytoplasm

Liver

An accessory organ of digestion

Falciform ligament

A

Round ligament

B

Common hepatic duct

49

Bile duct

50

Lobule

Central vein

Hepatic sinusoid

Hepatocyte

Stellate macrophage

Hepatic portal vein

14

Hepatic portal vein

Hepatic vein

15

Hepatic vein

Splenic vein

Superior mesenteric vein

Inferior mesenteric vein

Gallbladder

An accessory organ of digestion

Cystic duct

48

Pancreas

An accessory organ of digestion, H

Pancreatic duct

57

Accessory pancreatic duct

58

Pancreatic acinar cell

cell type

Small intestine

Duodenum

purple

Jejunum

red

Ileum

green

Ileocecal valve

30

Villus

Intestinal crypt

Lacteal

functions for fat absorption

Simple columnar epithelium

cell type

Absorptive cell

Goblet cell

Large intestine

Haustrum

A

Tenia coli

B

Simple columnar epithelium

cell type

Goblet cell

Appendix

Cecum

29

Ascending colon

32, left side, hard to see

right colic flexure

A

Transverse colon

F

Left colic flexure

B

Descending colon

34

Sigmoid colon

35