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109 Terms
Otherwise known as the "Beautiful" or "Golden Age".
La Belle รpoque
Associated with Paris in the late 19th century.
peace and prosperity
Produced thousands of ordinary products that needed advertising.
Industrial Revolution
Created the look of woodโtype poster/s.
Limitations of Printing Technologies
By the 1860s, new advances in printing provided the opportunity to use . . .
Color and Imagery (with higher quality)
Father of the Modern Poster.
Jules Chรฉret
Introduced illustration and a more painterly approach.
Jules Chรฉret
It was an era of peace and plenty between wars.
La Belle รpoque
A French expression that was used in retrospect after the horrors of World War One (WW1) โ a term of nostalgia for a simpler time of peace, prosperity, and progress.
Belle รpoque
It was a global phenomenon.
La Belle รpoque
It was an era of huge urban population growth.
La Belle รpoque
In the 39 years preceding 1911, the population of Paris grew by . . .
64%
It was an era of progress and prosperity.
La Belle รpoque
It was an era of cultural exuberance.
La Belle รpoque
It was an era of art and architecture.
La Belle รpoque
Despite the Belle รpoque architecture having combined elements from several styles, what was the predominant architectural style?
Art Nouveau
It was inspired by the natural forms and structures of flowers, plants, and curved lines.
Art Nouveau
A French painter, who was a very important figure in the history of graphic design, and designed the Moulin Rouge's legendary posters.
Henri Toulouse-Lautrec
He was the first artist to elevate advertising to the status of a fine art, obliterating the boundaries between high and low art.
Henri Toulouse-Lautrec
He was born in Albi, France to aristocratic lineage.
Henri Toulouse-Lautrec
How did Toulouse-Lautrec design his posters?
With the performers as a focal point
An international decorative style of art, usually characterized by organic, plantlike lines.
Art Nouveau
What did the practitioners of Art Nouveau seek?
Revive good workmanship
What was Art Nouveau inspired by?
Japanese woodcuts/woodblocks
What influenced Art Nouveau?
Ukiyoโe
Japanese woodblock printing; meaning: "pictures of the floating world".
Ukiyo-e
An art movement of Japan's ________ period (1603โ1867).
Ukiyoโe ; Tokugawa
A (Japanese) military governor whose power exceeded the emperor's.
Shogun
How many decrees in the 1630s did the shogun issue that excluded foreigners and adopted an official policy of national seclusion?
Three (3)
What was a major form of popular art?
Book illustration
An ukiyoโe artist who began his career illustrating yellowโbacks (cheap novelettes).
Hokusai
It is characterized by its use of a long, sinuous, organic line and was employed most often in architecture, interior design, jewelry and glass design, posters, and illustration.
Art Nouveau
It was a deliberate attempt to create a new style, free of the imitative historicism that dominated much of 19thโcentury art and design.
Art Nouveau
The distinguishing ornamental characteristic of Art Nouveau is its ____________.
Undulating asymmetrical line
The pictorial elements in graphic arts. (4)
form, texture, space, color
How can you identify Art Nouveau structures?
graceful, curving lines
The transition from Victorian graphics to the Art Nouveau style was _______.
gradual
They are two (2) graphic artists working in Paris, who played important roles in the transition from Victorian graphics to the Art Nouveau style.
Jules Chรฉret and Eugene Grasset
What did the streets become after the new French Law in 1881?
Art Gallery
After the new French Law in 1881, respected painters felt no _____ at creating ___________ _______.
Shame ; Advertising Posters
Cheret was convinced that _________ ____________ posters would replace the ___________ ___________ posters.
Pictorial Lithographic ; Typographic Letterpress
Which operetta did Cheret make a blue and brown poster for at the age of twentyโtwo (22)?
Offenbach's Orpheaux Enfers (Orpheus in Hades/the Underworld)
When Cheret returned to London, what did he master?
The more advanced English color lithography
It was primarily concerned with graphic design and illustration rather than architectural and product design.
English Art Nouveau
What are the two other/additional sources of English Art Nouveau?
Gothic Art and Victorian Painting
He was the enfant terrible of Art Nouveau, with his striking pen line, vibrant blackโandโwhite (B/W) work, and shockingly exotic/erotic imagery.
Aubrey Beardsley
He was a strange cult figure, who was intensely prolific for five (5) years.
Aubrey Beardsley
What did Aubrey Beardsley die from?
Tuberculosis
At what age did Aubrey Beardsley die/pass away?
Twentyโsix (26)
At what age did Aubrey Beardsley become famous for his works for a new edition of Malory's Morte d'Arthur?
Twenty (20)
He was an English illustrator and author.
Aubrey Beardsley
Whose drawings were in black ink, influenced by the style of Japanese woodcuts/blocks, emphasizing the grotesque, the decadent, and the erotic?
Aubrey Beardsley
The editor who helped launch Beardsley's career by featuring his work on the cover of The Studio (1893) and reproducing eleven (11) of his illustrations in the inaugural issue.
C. Lewis Hine
Art Nouveau designers also believe that all the arts should work in harmony to create a "_____ ____ __ ___".
total work of art
What did Art Nouveau emphasize, as a precursor of modernism during its brief incandescence?
function over form
Art Nouveau united flowing, natural forms with ____ _______ ________.
more angular contours
It was one of the most influential, profound and farโreaching design movements of modern times.
Arts and Crafts Movement
Where did the Arts and Crafts Movement begin?
Britain, around 1880
From where did the Arts and Crafts Movement take its name from?
Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society
When was the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society set up?
1888
It grew out of concern for the effects of industrialization, and opposed modern mass production and embraced natural forms.
Arts and Crafts Movement
They share similar principles and occurred in the same approximate time, but have different results.
Art Nouveau and the Arts and Crafts Movement
The leader/founder of the Arts and Crafts movement, who rejected the Industrial Revolution/industrialization.
William Morris
He was not entirely against the use of machines, but the very weak relationship of individuals with the results of their labour.
William Morris
The books of the Arts and Crafts Movement were often printed on _____ _______ with _______ __________.
small presses with limited quantities
The emphasis of the Arts and Crafts Movement when it came to production was _______, not ________.
quality not quantity
The movement admired for its use of high-quality materials and for its emphasis on utility in design.
Arts and Crafts Movement
The spread of the Arts and Crafts Movement across the Atlantic to the US in the 1890s enabled it to last longer, at least into the ____s.
1920s
Tended to be either negative or ambivalent towards the role of the machine in the creative process.
Britishmen/Britain
Tended to embrace the machine more readily.
Americans
True or False: The practitioners (of Arts and Crafts) believed that the connection forged between the artist and his work through handcraft was the key to producing both human fulfillment and beautiful items that would be useful on an everyday basis.
True
The Arts and Crafts aesthetic varied greatly depending on the media and location involved, but was influenced mostly by both the _______ __ ______ and the _____ __ ________ ___, particularly the Gothic style.
imagery of nature and the forms of medieval art
It enjoyed a revival in Europe and North America during the midโ19th century.
The Gothic Style
The Arts and Crafts Movement was first and foremost a response to the social changes initiated by the __________ __________.
Industrial Revolution
Both Arts and Crafts and Art Nouveau placed an emphasis on nature and claimed the ______ _____ as an inspiration.
Gothic Style
A focus on the _______ qualities of the materials to make the objects.
Natural
Arts and Crafts rejected the ________ ___________ and excessive _____________ of earlier concurrent Victorian styles.
Eclectic Historicism ; Excessive Ornamentation
Arts and Crafts embraced a ______ ____________ between designer, maker, and object.
Closer Relationship
Arts and Crafts embraced the integration of ___ into ____.
Art ; Life
The major innovation of the Arts and Crafts Movement was in their ________, not in their style or design.
Ideology
It is an international decorative arts movement, most popular between the years 1924 โ 1940.
Art Deco
It is a style of drawing that relies on bold designs, clear lines, vibrant colours and patterns.
Art Deco
True or False: Geometric shapes and soft colour schemes were prominent in Art Deco.
False (intense colour schemes)
It is the other term for "Art Deco," or what it's also called.
Style Moderne
During what years did Art Deco originate from?
1920s
Where was the name "Art Deco" derived from?
Exposition Internationale des Arts Dรฉcoratifs et Industriels Modernes
It represented modernism turned into fashion.
Art Deco
True or False: The intention of Art Deco was to create a sleek and anti-traditional elegance that symbolized wealth and sophistication.
True
What are the distinguishing features of the style of Art Deco?
simple, clean shapes, often with a "streamlined" look; ornament that is geometric or stylized from representational forms
True or False: Art Deco objects were often mass-produced.
False (they rarely were)
True or False: The Art Deco style reflected admiration for the modernity of the machine and for the inherent design qualities of machine-made objects.
True
(4) The formative influences on Art Deco were:
Art Nouveau, the Bauhaus, Cubism, and Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes
(3) The Art Deco hallmarks were:
straight lines; geometric patterns and shapes; clean, rectangular design
(12) Art Deco's major characteristics include:
heavy geometric influences; triangular shapes; zigzags; trapezoidal shapes; straight and smooth lines; streamlined and sleek forms; sunburst or sunrise motifs; exaggerated curves; hard edges and low reliefs; stepped forms; chevron (inverted, v-shaped mark) arrangements; stylized, floral patterns
(8) Some of the ways that Art Deco remains important in contemporary graphic design are in:
aesthetic inspiration; typography; logo design; package design; film and entertainment; art and illustration; web design and user interface (UI); period pieces
True or False: Art Nouveau was born out of a desire to unify all art and do away with the boundaries that existed to separate fine art and decorative art.
True
True or False: The birth of Art Nouveau came at a time of industrialization.
True
Who painted The Kiss?
Gustav Klimt
In what kind of (art) style was The Kiss?
Art Nouveau style
It was a local variation of the Art Nouveau style.
Vienna Secession