unit 4 digestive system

achalasia

failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax

anal fistula

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

anorexia

lack of appetite

aphthous stomatitis

inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

ascites

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

borborygmus

rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gi tract

cholelithiasis

gallstones in the gallbladder

cirrhosis

chronic degenerative disease of the liver caused by alcoholism. symptoms: fatigue

colonic polyps

polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

colorectal cancer

adenocarcinoma of the colon, rectum, or both

constipation

difficulty in passing stools

Crohn's disease (iletis)

autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the intestinal tract

dental caries

cavities; tooth decay

diarrhea

frequent passage of loose, watery stool

diverticulosis

abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon

dysentery

painful inflamed intestines

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

eructation

gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth (burping)

esophageal varices

swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

flatus

gas expelled through the anus (farting)

gastric carcinoma

cancerous tumor in the stomach

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

hematochezia

passage of fresh, bright red blood from rectum

hemorrhoids

swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region

hernia

protrusion of any organ through the muscle that normally contains it

herpetic stomatitis

inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus

ileus

failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

intussusception

telescoping of the intestines

irritable bowel syndrome

group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension

jaundice (icterus)

yellow-orange discoloration of skin and whites of eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in blood (hyperbilirubinemia)

melena

black, tary stools, feces containing digested blood

feces containing digested blood

nausea

unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit

oral leukoplakia

white plaques or patches (in the mouth)

pancreatitis

inflammation of the pancreas

peptic ulcer

open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum

periodontal disease

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

steatorrhea

fat in the feces, frothy foul smelling fecal matter

ulcerative colitis

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

viral hepatitis

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

volvulus

twisting of intestines

bucc/o

cheeks

cheil/o

lips

labi/o

lips

palat/o

palate

gloss/o

tongue

lingu/o

tongue

tonsill/o

tonsils

gingiv/o

gums

dent/i

teeth

odont/o

teeth

sial/o

salivary glands

pharyng/o

pharynx

epiglott/o

epiglottis

esophag/o

esopghagus

gastr/o

stomach

enter/o

Small intestine

col/o colon/o

large intestine

hepat/o

liver

chol/e

bile

cholesyst/o

gallbladder

Choledoch/o

common bile duct

an/o

anus

append/o, appendic/o

appendix

cec/o

cecum (first part of colon)

celi/o

belly

dueden/o

duodenum (first part of small intestine)

faci/o

face

giniv/o

gums

ile/o

ileum (third part of small intestine)

jejun/o

jejunum (second part of small intestine)

lapar/o

abdomen

mandibul/o

lower jaw bone

or/o

mouth

pancreat/o

pancreas

peritone/o

peritoneum

proct/o

anus and rectum

rect/o

rectum

sialaden/o

salivary gland

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

stomat/o

mouth

uvul/o

uvula

amyl/o

starch

bil/i

bilirubin

bilirubin/o

bilirubin

chlorhydr/o

hydrochloric acid

gluc/o, glyc/o

glucose

glycogen/o

glycogen

lip/o

adip/o

lith/o

stone

prote/o

protein

steat/o

fat

-ase

enzyme

-chezia

defecation

-iasis

abnormal condition

-prandial

meal

Absorption

digested food goes into the blood stream through small intestine lining

amino acids

make up proteins

digested

digestion

mechanically and chemically breaking down food